Browsing by Author "Bandarra, Narcisa"
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- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate extracts of chub mackerel (Scomber colias): a thorough seasonal evaluationPublication . Cardoso, Carlos; Matos, Joana; Gomes-Bispo, Ana; Afonso, Cláudia; Motta, Carla; Castanheira, Isabel; Prates, José; Bandarra, NarcisaThe seasonal variation of key bioactivities in ethyl acetate extracts of chub mackerel (Scomber colias), an underutilised fish species, was evaluated through a complete monthly sampling. The phenolic content had a seasonal variation, ranging from 39 5 mg GAE/100 g ww (February) to 340 6 mg GAE/100 g ww (October). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased from 1.3 0.4 lmol Fe2+ Eq/g ww (Jan uary) to 10.3 0.1 lmol Fe2+ Eq/g ww (September). ABTS had no antioxidant activity between June and December, being the highest value in February, 64.3 6.3 lmol Trolox Eq/100 g ww. For phenolic content and FRAP, there was a strong seasonality, which was similar to that of the lipid content. There fore, correlations were high, being R2 0.95 for lipid vs. phenolic contents. Anti-inflammatory activity did not show large changes throughout most part of the year, remaining high in the 70–80% of COX-2 inhi bition. This finding and the seasonality of the antioxidant properties warrant further research
- Bioaccessibility in risk-benefit analysis of raw and cooked seabream consumptionPublication . Afonso, Cláudia; Costa, Sara; Cardoso, Carlos; Coelho, Inês; Castanheira, Isabel; Lourenço, Helena; Gonçalves, Susana; Oliveira, Rui; Carvalho, Maria Luísa; Martins, Maria Fernanda; Bandarra, Narcisa; Nunes, Maria LeonorThe composition of raw and cooked gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was analysed. The bioaccessibility of arsenic (As), selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), and methylmercury (MeHg) in raw and cooked fish was studied by an in vitro model. A risk-benefit assessment was performed taking into account bioaccessibility. The content of contaminants Hg and As displayed a significant increase for every culinary treatment, only As content in boiled fish did not increase. Regarding bioaccessibility, while bioaccessible As was high (over 96%), the share of Hg (and MeHg) available for intestinal absorption was reduced by cooking, especially by grilling, 39% (60%) and roasting, 38% (55%). The risk-benefit probabilistic assessment leads to an advice of not exceeding one weekly meal of gilthead seabream. This recommendation concerns mainly pregnant and nursing women. However, Se bioaccessibility was high —minimum of 85% in boiled seabream—, thus helping to balance the deleterious effects of MeHg.
- Bioaccessibility of target essential elements and contaminants from Fucus spiralisPublication . Francisco, João; Cardoso, Carlos; Bandarra, Narcisa; Brito, Pedro; Horta, André; Pedrosa, Rui; Gil, Maria M.; Delgado, Inês Margarida; Castanheira, Isabel; Afonso, CláudiaFucus spiralis is an edible brown seaweed (SW) found in the Portuguese Coast that is still undervalued and not very well studied. However, SW are known to be nutritious and healthy foods, in part, for their potential to supply mineral nutrients to the body. Nevertheless, with the increasing levels of pollution in the coastal areas, SW can also accumulate some contaminants. Therefore, to expand the knowledge about this marine resource, the contents of Mg, Mn, Co, I, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in fresh and freeze-dried Fucus spiralis were determined before and after in vitro human digestion simulation. Magnesium was the major element with 11.86 mg/g dry weigh (DW), but it must be highlighted that I in this SW presented concentration values of approximately 135 μg/g DW. Concerning contaminants, F. spiralis seems to have low levels of Cd, Pb, and Hg. The elements’ bioaccessibility was always high, ranging between 45.8% (I – Fresh SW) and 88.5% (Hg – FD SW). The freeze-drying process seemed to enhance element bioaccessibility.
- Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) fed different ratios of dietary seaweed and microalgae during broodstock conditioningPublication . Cardoso, Carlos; Gomes, Romina; Rato, Ana; Joaquim, Sandra; Machado, Jorge; Gonçalves, José Fernando; Vaz‐Pires, Paulo; Magnoni, Leonardo; Matias, Domicilia; Coelho, Inês; Delgado, Inês; Castanheira, Isabel; Matos, Joana; Ozório, Rodrigo; Bandarra, Narcisa; Afonso, CláudiaThe Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) culture has been expanding, thereby leading to a greater importance of hatcheries. Broodstock conditioning is very important in the hatchery process, in which diet composition may have a strong influence on the offspring production and quality. Therefore, the current study evaluated elemental composition and bioaccessibility of oysters fed different ratios of dietary seaweed (SW) and microalgae. The dietary conditioning consisted of direct replacement of microalgae by SW at four substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% diet). It was observed that oysters fed 100% SW had the highest levels of Be, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Cd. The most important trend was a concentration decline of most elements with progressively lower levels of SW substitution for microalgae in the feeds. No Cd or Pb hazard (contents below 1.0 mg/kg for Cd and 1.5 mg/kg for Pb) was found in oyster meat. Regarding elemental bioaccessibility, values were similar, near 100% in the cases of Cu, Br, and I. Only for Mn and Pb, bioaccessibility percentages deviated more from 100%. Indeed, the value for Pb was 50% ± 7% (initial group), and for Mn, all values were equal or lower than 29% ± 2% (final group of oysters fed microalgae). It was observed that Mn, Cd, and Pb bioaccessibility increased with a growing share of microalgal biomass in the feed. Therefore, this study showed that SW incorporation into the feed influences elemental composition and bioaccessibility of the oysters.
- Evaluation of the risk/benefit associated to the consumption of raw and cooked farmed meagre based on the bioaccessibility of selenium, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, total mercury, and methylmercury determined by an in vitro digestion modelPublication . Afonso, Cláudia; Costa, Sara; Cardoso, Carlos; Bandarra, Narcisa; Batista, Irineu; Coelho, Inês; Castanheira, Isabel; Nunes, M. LeonorThe bioaccessibility of total lipids, EPA, DHA, Se, Hg, and MeHg in raw and cooked meagre (Argyrosomus regius) was studied by using an in vitro digestion method. A risk–benefit assessment of raw and cooked meagre on the basis of the bioaccessibility data was carried out. The bioaccessibility of total lipids was generally high in raw and cooked meagre with exception of grilled fish. For EPA and DHA, bioaccessibility percentages were low never surpassing the 50% in raw, boiled, and grilled meagre. The bioaccessibility percentage of Se was equal or higher than 82% (grilling treatment). Likewise, for Hg and MeHg, high bioaccessibility values were determined with exception of grilled meagre, displaying lower values of 54% and 64%, respectively. The risk–benefit probabilistic assessment brought about a recommendation of a maximum consumption of two weekly meals for boiled or roasted meagre and three weekly meals for grilled meagre.
- Exposição a metilmercúrio e consumo de pescado: emissão de recomendações nacionais, 2023Publication . Fernandes, Paulo; Afonso, Cláudia; Bico, Paula; Bandarra, Narcisa; Borges, Marta; Carmona, Paulo; Carvalho, Catarina; Correia, Daniela; Gonçalves, Susana; Lopes, Carla; Lourenço, Helena; Monteiro, Sarogini; Nabais, Pedro; Oliveira, Luísa; Santiago, Susana; Severo, Milton; Torres, Duarte; Dias, Maria GraçaConsiderando que o consumo de pescado é uma fonte importante de exposição ao metilmercúrio, a Comissão Europeia recomendou aos Estados- -membros que estabelecessem recomendações para o seu consumo. Assim, tendo sido criado um grupo de trabalho, é objetivo deste artigo apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido para a elaboração das recomendações de consumo de pescado adaptadas à população portuguesa, tendo em conta o padrão nacional de consumo de peixe e as espécies consumidas. A definição das recomendações assentou na realização de um estudo de avaliação de risco-benefício associado ao consumo de pescado. Esta metodologia permitiu identificar dois grupos populacionais sujeitos a recomendações distintas: para a população em geral recomenda-se uma frequência de consumo de 4 a 7 vezes por semana e, para a população vulnerável, uma frequência de 3 a 4 vezes por semana das espécies com médio e baixo teor de mercúrio, devendo ser evitado o consumo das espécies com elevado teor de mercúrio. Estas recomendações foram divulgadas num evento público e deverão ser alvo de esforços adicionais para chegarem à população vulnerável, constituída por mulheres grávidas, mulheres a amamentar e crianças até aos 10 anos.
- Quantitative risk-benefit assessment of Portuguese fish and other seafood species consumption scenariosPublication . Carvalho, Catarina; Correia, Daniela; Severo, Daniel; Afonso, Cláudia; Bandarra, Narcisa; Gonçalves, Susana; Lourenço, Helena; Dias, Maria da Graça; Oliveira, Luísa; Nabais, Pedro; Carmona, Paulo; Monteiro, Sarogini; Borges, Marta; Lopes, Carla; Torres, DuartePortugal has high fish/seafood consumption, which may have both risks and benefits. This study aims to quantify the net health impact of hypothetical scenarios of fish/seafood consumption in the Portuguese population using a risk-benefit assessment methodology. Consumption data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 (n 5811) were used to estimate the mean exposure to methylmercury and EPA + DHA in the current and the alternative scenarios considered. Alternative scenarios (alt) were modelled using probabilistic approaches to reflect substitutions from the current consumption in the type of fish/seafood (alt1: excluding predatory fishes; alt2: including only methylmercury low-level fishes) or in the frequency of weekly fish/seafood consumption (alt3 to alt6: 1, 3, 5 or 7 times a week, replacing fish/seafood meals with meat or others). The overall health impact of these scenarios was quantified using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). In the Portuguese population, about 11 450 DALY could be prevented each year if the fish/seafood consumption increased to a daily basis. However, such a scenario would result in 1398 extra DALY considering the consumption by pregnant women and the respective risk on fetal neurodevelopment. Our findings support a recommendation to increase fish/seafood consumption up to 7 times/week. However, for pregnant women and children, special considerations must be proposed to avoid potential risks on fetal neurodevelopment due to methylmercury exposure.
- Recomendações para o consumo de pescado para a população portuguesaPublication . Dias, Maria da Graça; Fernandes, Paulo; Lopes, Carla; Torres, Duarte; Carvalho, Catarina; Afonso, Cláudia; Bandarra, Narcisa; Gonçalves, Susana; Lourenço, Helena; Nabais, Pedro; Carmona, Paulo; Borges, Marta; Bico, PaulaUm grupo de trabalho promovido pela Direção Geral da Alimentação e Veterinária (DGAV) e que integrou a Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica (ASAE), a Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto (FCNAUP), o Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), o Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) e o Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (ISPUP) elaborou um conjunto de recomendações para o consumo de pescado para a população portuguesa. De acordo com as conclusões do estudo realizado, o consumo de pescado tem benefícios para a saúde, mas algumas espécies têm um teor de mercúrio elevado que pode representar riscos associados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, sendo por isso de evitar em grupos vulneráveis como as grávidas, mulheres a amamentar e crianças pequenas. Segundo os autores deste trabalho, o consumo de pescado, que inclui peixe, moluscos e crustáceos, tem benefícios para a saúde, diminuindo o risco de doença coronária e contribuindo para um adequado neuro-desenvolvimento do feto. Apesar disso, algumas espécies, como atum fresco (não o de conserva), cação, espadarte, maruca, pata roxa, peixes-espada e tintureira, contêm elevado teor de mercúrio, o que pode representar riscos para a saúde, designadamente ao nível do desenvolvimento cognitivo, devendo por isso ser evitadas por grávidas, mulheres a amamentar e crianças pequenas. Para estes grupos vulneráveis, a recomendação dos especialistas é o consumo de pescado entre 3 a 4 vezes por semana, sendo que para a população em geral o consumo de pescado deverá ser mais frequente, até 7 vezes por semana. No entender dos investigadores, o consumo de pescado continua a ser essencial, sendo necessário fazer as escolhas certas relativamente às espécies e à frequência do seu consumo. Sardinha e cavala são algumas das opções a privilegiar, uma vez que têm menos mercúrio e maior teor de ácidos gordos ómega-3, que contribuem para um melhor desenvolvimento cognitivo nas crianças e para a prevenção de doença cardiovascular nos adultos. Espécies como abrótea, bacalhau, carapau, choco, corvina, dourada, faneca, lula, pescada, polvo, raia, redfish e robalo são outras das opções que apresentam, geralmente, valores baixos de mercúrio. As recomendações para o consumo de pescado para a população portuguesa foram definidas tendo por base a frequência de consumo dos portugueses, obtida através do inquérito nacional IAN-AF. Os dados relativos ao teor de mercúrio foram, por sua vez, determinados através de amostras colhidas e analisadas no âmbito do controlo oficial e de diferentes estudos científicos, sendo posteriormente integrados numa avaliação de risco-benefício associado ao consumo de pescado pela população portuguesa. A investigação que fundamenta estas recomendações foi publicada no British Journal of Nutrition e contou com investigadores de todas as instituições nacionais envolvidas.
- The chemical composition and lipid profile of the chub mackerel (Scomber colias) show a strong seasonal dependence: Contribution to a nutritional evaluationPublication . Ferreira, Inês; Gomes-Bispo, Ana; Lourenço, Helena; Matos, Joana; Afonso, Cláudia; Cardoso, Carlos; Castanheira, Isabel; Motta, Carla; Prates, José; Bandarra, NarcisaThe seasonal variation in chemical and lipid composition of chub mackerel (Scomber colias) was evaluated monthly over one year (proximate chemical composition and lipid profile: fatty acid (FA) and lipid classes distribution). Significant seasonal changes regarding fat content were noticed (1.3–10.3 g/100 g), with the lowest fat content obtained in February (during spawning period), and the highest in September. Regarding the FA profile, the main fluctuations were recorded in saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The highest SFA content was registered between March and August (25.3–32.3%). PUFA (the most abundant group) reached its maximum percentual content between December and February (60.9 and 66.9%, respectively). In absolute terms, PUFA attained 5352.6 mg/100 g edible part in September, where 2473.8 mg/100 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), representing 46.2% of total PUFA. DHA lowest level was 519.8 mg/100 g, registered in low-fat chub mackerel. Together DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3) represented 75% of the total PUFA and 84% of n-3 PUFA. Triacylglycerols (TAG) with 82.2–92.1% of total lipid content) and phospholipids (4.4–8.4%) were the main lipid classes. Polar lipid fraction (phospholipids), was predominantly constituted by PUFA (68.6–74.5%), mainly DHA (45.2–55.1%), with the highest percentage recorded in low-fat chub mackerel. High relative contents of PUFA (36.6–49.1%) were also found in TAG. Having into account the data obtained, chub mackerel is a privileged source of DHA even in a lean species whereby its consumption should be recommended as part a healthy dietary regime.
- The emerging farmed fish species meagre (Argyrosomus regius): How culinary treatment affects nutrients and contaminants concentration and associated benefit-risk balancePublication . Costa, Sara; Afonso, Cláudia; Bandarra, Narcisa; Gueifão, Sandra; Castanheira, Isabel; Carvalho, Maria Luísa; Cardoso, Carlos; Nunes, Maria LeonorThe effect of cooking methods (boiling, grilling, and roasting) on the proximate and mineral composition, contaminants concentration and fatty acids profile was evaluated aiming to understand the benefits and risks associated to the consumption of the emerging farmed fish meagre (Argyrosomus regius). All the treatments led to lower moisture content. After grilling and roasting, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA contents increased. There was no degradation of EPA and DHA during the culinary processes. Significant retention of minerals in grilled and roasted meagre samples was registered. For Pb and Cd there were no concentration differences between culinary treatments and regarding raw fish. Whereas As level was higher in grilled meagre, total Hg and Me-Hg values were augmented in grilled and roasted meagre. The consumption of meagre is advisable due to the low and healthy fat, high selenium and protein content. Grilling would be the best culinary treatment due to the retention of protein, EPA, DHA and minerals. But as the risk of ingestion of Me-Hg content also increases, based on the risk assessment, intake should not exceed two weekly meals, provided that no other important Me-Hg food source is present in the diet. Otherwise, even this maximum threshold should be lower.