Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates using the test-negative design with different control groups: a seven-season overview

Background: The test-negative design (TND) has been used to monitor influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE). Negative controls are those that tested negative for any influenza virus - however, there are issues related to the selection of the negative controls; As it is hypothesized a potential bias introduced by virus interference in TND, some authors suggest to use other respiratory virus as control group. Hence, the objective of this study is to compare IVE estimates using the classic TND and alternative controls.

Keywords

Gripe Vacina Antigripal Efetividade Estados de Saúde e de Doença Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença EuroEVA Outros Vírus Respiratórios Infecções Respiratórias Portugal