Browsing by Author "Campos, Joana"
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- Carne de aves importada como fonte de transmissão de Salmonella Heidelberg e S. Minnesota resistentes a cefalosporinas de espectro alargadoPublication . Campos, Joana; Mourão, Joana; Silveira, Leonor; Saraiva, Margarida; Belo Correia, Cristina; Maçãs, Ana Paula; Peixe, Luísa; Antunes, PatríciaSalmonella com resistência a cefalosporinas de espectro alargado (ESC), antibióticos de primeira linha para a salmonelose invasiva em humanos, têm sido descritas raramente na União Europeia (UE), incluindo em Portugal. No entanto, a crescente comercialização de carne de aves procedente de países fora do espaço UE tem sido referida como uma potencial fonte de Salmonella portadoras de genes de resistência a ESC. Neste estudo procedeu-se à caracterização fenotípica e genotípica da resistência a ESC, bem como à análise da relação clonal de Salmonella obtidas de amostras de carne de aves no âmbito do controlo oficial 2014 e 2015.
- Clinical Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 with metal tolerance genes and an IncHI2 plasmid carrying oqxAB-aac(6')-Ib-cr from EuropePublication . Campos, Joana; Mourão, Joana; Marçal, Sara; Machado, Jorge; Novais, Carla; Peixe, Luísa; Antunes, PatríciaFluoroquinolones are critical antibiotics for treating severe Salmonella infections, and the widespread of resistant isolates included in diverse epidemiological scenarios and carrying plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a global threat. Among PMQR mechanisms, those encoded by oqxAB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes are of special concern as they also confer reduced susceptibility to other antibiotics (oqxAB: chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, olaquindox; aac(6′)-Ib-cr: aminoglycosides) and biocides [oqxAB: quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)].2,3 Although oqxAB ± aac(6′)-Ib-cr are prevalent and widespread in Asia, where olaquindox is still widely used in animal production, they remain scarce in Europe. Here we describe the molecular characterization of clinical ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium with concomitant presence of oqxAB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr recovered for the first time in Europe.
- Imported poultry meat as a source of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant CMY-2-producing Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in the European Union, 2014-2015Publication . Campos, Joana; Mourão, Joana; Silveira, Leonor; Saraiva, Margarida; Correia, Cristina Belo; Maçãs, Ana Paula; Peixe, Luísa; Antunes, PatríciaExtended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella have been described at a low level in the EU, nevertheless the increasing importation of poultry meat could be an important source of epidemic strains carrying ESC resistance genes. This study evaluated ESC resistance and its genetic platform among Salmonella isolates from poultry meat products imported into Portugal as well as clonal relatedness of the isolates. All Salmonella isolates recovered from samples of fresh meat destined for import into the EU in the scope of Portuguese official border control (2014-2015) were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility and β-lactamase production was determined by disk diffusion/microdilution. Molecular studies included detection of genes encoding acquired AmpC and extended-spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and other antibiotic resistance genes by PCR/sequencing, and clonality by MLST and XbaI-PFGE. Plasmid characterisation was assessed by conjugation assays, replicon typing (PCR-PBRT/pMLST) and hybridisation experiments (I-CeuI/S1-PFGE nuclease). Isolates belonged to Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 6; ST15/eBG26) and Salmonella Minnesota (n = 1; ST548/eBG77) and presented multidrug-resistant profiles, including to ESCs and/or fluoroquinolones. All but one carried blaCMY-2, located on two epidemic plasmids, IncA/C (ST2, n = 5) or transferable IncI1 (ST12, n = 1). Salmonella Heidelberg was associated with five PFGE types, including one similar to an American epidemic clone. This study reveals imported poultry products as a source of uncommon and/or invasive ESC-resistant Salmonella strains in the EU. The increase of clinically relevant poultry-related serotypes in Europe must be taken into account in the current monitoring of antibiotic resistance trends and in re-evaluation of food regulations.
- Imported Poutry Meat Products in Portugal as a source of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg CYM-2-ProducingPublication . Campos, Joana; Mourão, Joana; Silveira, Leonor; Saraiva, Margarida; Belo Correia, Cristina; Antunes, PatríciaExtended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Salmonella has been described at low level in EU, including Portugal. Nevertheless, the increasing poultry meat trade involving countries with different animal production practices could be an important source of epidemic clones carrying ESC-R genes.
- P-262 - Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant CMY-2-Producing Salmonella Heidelberg and S. Minnesota in Poultry Meat Imported into the European UnionPublication . Campos, Joana; Mourão, Joana; Silveira, Leonor; Saraiva, Margarida; Belo Correia, Cristina; Maçãs, Ana Paula; Peixe, Luísa; Antunes, PatríciaExtended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Salmonella has been described at low level in EU, including in Portugal. Nevertheless, the increasing poultry meat trade involving countries with different animal production practices could be an important source of epidemic clones carrying ESC-R genes. In this study phenotypic and genotypic characterization of resistance to ESC was carried out, as well as the clonal relatedness analysis of Salmonella obtained from poultry meat samples imported into Portugal in the scope of official border control between 2014 and 2015.
- Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae Control at a Pig Abattoir: Are We Missing Lairage Time Effect, Pig Skin, and Internal Carcass Surface Contamination?Publication . Dias Costa, Rui; Silva, Vanessa; Leite, Ana; Saraiva, Margarida; Teixeira Lopes, Teresa; Themudo, Patrícia; Campos, Joana; Vieira-Pinto, MadalenaTo provide meat safety and consumer protection, appropriate hygiene control measures at an abattoir are required. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of visual fecal contamination level (VFCL) and lairage time (LT) on pig skin (PS) and external (ECS) and internal (ICS) carcass surfaces. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in PS, ECS, and ICS were evaluated. A total of 300 paired samples were collected from 100 pigs. Results underlined the importance of the skin (Enterobacteriaceae: 3.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2; E. coli: 3.15 ± 0.63 log CFU/cm2; Salmonella: 21% of samples) as a direct or indirect source of carcass contamination. Although VFCL revealed no significant effect (p > 0.05), the increase of LT had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli levels across all analysed surfaces, and Salmonella presence on ICS (p < 0.01), demanding attention to LT. Also, the ICS showed a higher level of these bacteria compared to ECS. These results highlight the need of food business operators to consider ICS as an alternative area to sample for Salmonella, as a criterion for process hygiene based on EC Regulation No. 2073/2005, and as a potential contamination source to be integrated in the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plans.
- Tolerance to multiple metal stressors in emerging non-typhoidal MDR Salmonella serotypes: a relevant role for copper in anaerobic conditionsPublication . Mourão, Joana; Marçal, Sara; Ramos, Paula; Campos, Joana; Machado, Jorge; Peixe, Luísa; Novais, Carla; Antunes, PatríciaObjectives: Factors driving the expansion of particular MDR Salmonella serotypes/clones are not completely understood. We assessed if emergent MDR Salmonella serotypes/clones were more enriched in metal tolerance genes (e.g. to Cu/Ag) than other less frequent ones, as an additional feature to survive in environments contaminated with metals. Methods: Metal (Cu pco/Ag,Cu sil/Hg mer/As ars/Te ter) tolerance genes screening (PCR/sequencing), MICs of CuSO4/AgNO3 (aerobiosis/anaerobiosis), genetic element characterization (S1/I-CeuI PFGE) and conjugation assays were performed in a well-characterized Salmonella collection (n = 275 isolates; 2000–14; 49 serotypes/clones). Results The sil ± pco genes were detected in 37% of isolates from diverse serotypes, mainly in emergent Rissen/ST469 and Typhimurium/ST34 European clone (100%), which are mostly associated with pig settings where Cu is highly used. These genes were frequently co-located with merA ± terF and/or antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids (100–270 kb; IncHI2/IncHI1/IncN/IncFIIA; mostly transferable by conjugation) or in the chromosome. Most sil ± pco+ isolates (77%) were MDR contrasting with sil ± pco− ones (48%). The sil ± pco+ isolates presented significantly higher MICCuSO4 under anaerobiosis (MIC50/MIC90 = 28/32 mM) and MICAgNO3 after previous Ag contact (MIC50/MIC90 > 3 mM) than sil− ones (MIC50/MIC90 = 2/8 mM to CuSO4; MIC50/MIC90 = 0.125/0.16 mM to AgNO3). Use of these modified methodological approaches allowed the establishment of CuSO4/AgNO3 tolerance cut-offs to differentiate sil+ and sil− isolates, here firstly proposed. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that acquisition of Cu/Ag tolerance genes (sil/pco genes) might contribute to the emergence of particular clinically relevant MDR Salmonella serotypes/clones by facilitating their survival in diverse metal-contaminated settings, particularly in pig production. Assessment of control measures for the use and/or accumulation of metals in diverse environments are needed to prevent a wider expansion of such strains or the emergence of new ones.