Browsing by Author "Brito, Miguel"
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- Anemia de células falciformes: avaliação da hemoglobina fetal num grupo de crianças angolanas antes e após tratamento com hidroxiureiaPublication . Almeida, Priscilla; Costa, Alcina; Seuanes, Filomena; Romão, Raquel; Brito, Miguel; Silva, Isabel Moreira da; Miranda, Armandina
- Anemia in preschool children from Angola: a review of the evidencePublication . Fançony, Cláudia; Lavinha, João; Brito, Miguel; Barros, HenriqueAngola is one of the southern African countries with the highest prevalence of anemia, and despite the high geographic heterogeneity of its distribution across the country, it was reported to be indicative of a severe public health problem in some areas, mainly in children. Despite the relevance of this condition in the country there is still an important gap regarding scientific evidences and knowledge systematization in the indexed literature, that could be used to inform and optimize national public health policies willing to address it. Furthermore, the changes in anemia epidemiology among African preschool children and the late updates in nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive preventive strategies in the continent are of imperative relevance, as they could contribute to design context-specific national approaches to reduce anemia's morbidity and mortality. In this study we intent to perform a systematic review regarding the sparse evidence available on the country regarding the prevalence of anemia, its associated factors, the prevention, and/or control strategies with potential to reduce anemia that were implemented, and to discuss interventions targeting infections and/or nutrition conducted in other African countries.
- Avaliação clínica da resposta ao tratamento com Hidroxiureia em crianças com Anemia de Células Falciformes em AngolaPublication . Santos, Brígida; Miranda, Armandina; Ginete, Catarina; Arez, Ana Paula; Faustino, Paula; Brito, MiguelIntrodução: A Anemia de Células Falciformes (ACF) é uma doença genética causada por uma mutação na cadeia beta globina da hemoglobina, dando origem à hemoglobina S. É caracterizada por fenómenos vaso-oclusivos e hemólise crónica. A hemoglobina fetal (HbF) é o modificador central da doença e é passível de manipulação terapêutica. A Hidroxiureia (HU) é o único fármaco aprovado para indução de HbF em pacientes com ACF. Contudo, alguns estudos mostraram que as respostas individuais ao tratamento com HU são muito variáveis. O objectivo deste estudo é a avaliação da eficácia do tratamento com HU em crianças angolanas com ACF. Será feita a apresentação preliminar de dadosde 6 meses de tratamento com HU.Métodos: O estudo incluiu143 crianças dos 3 aos 12 anos de idade, com o diagnóstico de ACF medicadas com HU na dose de 20mg/kg/dia. O seguimento clínico foi feito mensalmente e incluiu o registo de intercorrências, exame físico, avaliação hematológica e dos parâmetros bioquímicos para estudo da hemólise e da toxicidade atribuída à HU. A HbF foi quantificada em estado basal e ao 6⁰ mês de tratamento. Resultados: Comparativamente à fase antes do tratamento e a avaliação feita ao 6⁰ mês de tratamento houve redução de: (1) frequência de episódios de crises dolorosas (59 vs 25), (2) número de transfusões (16 vs 4), (3) número de internamentos (12 vs 3). Uma criança teve recorrência de AVC no 2⁰mês e outra teve necrose asséptica da cabeça do fémur ao 5⁰mês de tratamento. O valor médio da hemoglobina (g/dl) variou de 7,5 para 8,1 (valor mínimo 5,2 e máximo 10,1 vs valor mínimo 5,8 e máximo 10,7). Em 56,1% dos pacientes houve aumento da HbF com valores médios de 5,7% emestado basal e 12,4% ao 6⁰mês de tratamento. Contudo em 12,9% dos pacientes não houve variação da % da HbF e em 30,9% das crianças o aumento da HbF foi inferior a 3% do valor da HbF basal.Na análise dos parâmetros de hemólise o valor percentual médiodos reticulócitosdecresceu de 10,1 para 6,57%, a bilirrubina indirecta (mg/dl) variou de 1,19 para 0,52. A desidrogenase láctea (U/L) não teve variação nos valores médios embora o valor máximo tenha decrescidode 1230 para 1067 e o valor mínimo de 115,1 para 106,3U/L. Não foram registados efeitos secundários importantes relacionados à HU.Conclusão: A HU teve eficácia clínica na maioria dos pacientes evidenciada pelos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Para além disso, foi demonstrada variabilidade na resposta à terapêutica pelo que está em curso a identificação de polimorfismos associados a essa variabilidade.
- Biomarcadores e moduladores genéticos da Anemia Falciforme numa coorte de crianças Angolanas com Anemia FalciformePublication . Santos, Brígida; Germano, Isabel; Delgadinho, Mariana; Ginete, Catarina; Arez, Ana Paula; Faustino, Paula; Brito, MiguelA anemia falciforme é uma doença monogénica autossómica recessiva com grande variabilidade fenotípica e é influenciada por factores ambientais e genéticos. A doença é caracterizada por episódios vaso-oclusivos recorrentes, hemólise crónica e susceptibilidade a infecções. Objectivos: Avaliar a correlação clínica e laboratorial com polimorfismos genéticos em crianças angolanas com anemia falciforme. Métodos: Foram seleccionadas 200 crianças com anemia falciforme seguidas no Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (Luanda) e no Hospital Geral do Bengo. A cada criança foi feita a caracterização clínica e laboratorial (hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, desidrogenase láctea, bilirrubinas e doseamento da hemoglobina fetal). A análise genética incluiu a identificação de Haplótipos cuja classificação foi baseada em quatro SNPs descritas anteriormente (rs3834466, rs28440105, rs10128556 e rs968857), polimorfismos nos genes HBG2 (rs7482144), BCL11A (rs4671393), HBS1L-MYB (rs28384513, rs4895441) e correlacionados com a quantificação de HbF e à variabilidade fenotípica, Os polimorfismos nos genes VCAM1, NOS3 e CD36 foram correlacionados com os biomarcadores de hemólise. A análise estatistica foi feita pelo teste ANOVA (valor de P<0,05) e teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: O haplotipo mais prevalente foi o CAR/CAR identificado em 91,7% seguido pelo CAR/BEN em 5,7%. Houve significância estatística entre haplotipos e a hemoglobina fetal e os parâmetros hematológicos e associação entre os polimorfismos rs3783599, rs1984112, rs3917023 e os biomarcadores de hemólise e consequentemente maior número de transfusões sanguíneas. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento genético populacional de crianças angolanas com anemia falciforme e destacam o papel dos moduladores genéticos na variabilidade fenotípica da doença.
- Caracterização de um coorte de crianças com anemia de células falciformes em AngolaPublication . Santos, Brígida; Jeremias, Ilda; Panzo, Miguel; Catumbela, Lucas; salvador, Graciete; Valentim, Isabel; Zagi, Félix; Germano, Isabel; Faustino, Paula; Arez, Ana Paula; Delgadinho, Mariana; Brito, MiguelA proposta central deste trabalho consiste no estudo da resposta à terapêutica com Hidroxiureia (HU) em crianças com Anemia de Células Falciformes (ACF), num contexto onde a malária é endémica (Angola), através da análise longitudinal dos fenótipos clínicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos (incluindo o nível de hemoglobina fetal - HbF), da caracterização de factores genéticos modificadores e das suas possíveis interações com a infeção malárica. Encontram-se em seguimento 200 crianças com ACF seguidas no HPDB e no Hospital Geral do Bengo. Dos 200 participantes 83% tiveram episódios de internamento, sendo as principais causas a anemia grave (63%) e as crises dolorosas (45%). Cerca de 50% dos pacientes apresentavam malnutrição crónica (HAZ) Os nossos resultados até ao presente já permitiram observar que o nível de HbF e a presença da deleção alfa-talassémica de 3,7 kb são factores protectores para a gravidade da doença, estando associados a um número mais reduzido de hospitalizações e de transfusões.
- Characterization of a cohort of Angolan children with sickle cell anemia treated with hydroxyureaPublication . Santos, Brígida; Ginete, Catarina; Gonçalves, Elisângela; Delgadinho, Mariana; Miranda, Armandina; Faustino, Paula; Arez, Ana Paula; Brito, MiguelBackground: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a monogenic disease, although its severity and response to treatment are very heterogeneous. Objectives: This study aims to characterize a cohort of Angolan children with SCA and evaluate their response to hydroxyurea (HU) treatment and the potential side effects and toxicity. Methods: The study enrolled 215 patients between 3 and 12 years old before and after the administration of HU, at a fix dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 12 months. Results: A total of 157 patients started HU medication and 141 of them completed the 12-month treatment. After initiating HU treatment, the frequency of clinical events decreased (transfusions 53.4 %, hospitalizations 47.1 %). The response to HU medication varied among patients, with some experiencing an increase in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) of <5 %. The mean increase in HbF was 11.9 %, ranging from 1.8 % to 31 %. Responders to HU treatment were 57 %, inadequate responders 38.7 % and non-adherent 4.2 %. No clinical side effects related to HU were reported. Hematological toxicities were transient and reversible. Children naïve to HU and with lower HbF reported higher number of hospitalizations caused by malaria infection. During HU treatment, the frequency of malaria episodes did not appear to be affected by HbF levels. Conclusions: the present study provided a valuable contribution to the understanding of the clinical and laboratory profiles of Angolan children with SCA. These findings support the evidence that the implementation of prophylactic measures and treatment with HU is associated with increased survival in children with SCA.
- Co-Inheritance of alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell disease in a cohort of Angolan pediatric patientsPublication . Santos, Brígida; Delgadinho, Mariana; Ferreira, Joana; Germano, Isabel; Miranda, Armandina; Faustino, Paula; Brito, MiguelThe aim of this study was to explore the association between alpha-thalassemia, fetal hemoglobin, hematological indices, and clinical adverse events in Angolan sickle cell disease pediatric patients. A total of 200 sickle cell disease (SCD) children were sampled in Luanda and Caxito. A venous blood sample was collected and used for hematological analyses, fetal hemoglobin quantification, and genotyping of 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion by GAP-PCR. The frequency of the 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion in homozygosity was 12.5% and in heterozygosity was 55.0%. An increase in alpha-thalassemia frequency was observed in children older than 5 years old (11.7% vs. 13.00%). Furthermore, 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion homozygotes had a significantly higher age of the first manifestation, lower number of blood transfusions by year, higher hemoglobin, lower mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and lower hemolytic rate observed by a lower number of reticulocytes count. There were no differences in fetal hemoglobin between the three genotypes. Moreover, the number of stroke events, osteomyelitis, splenomegaly, splenectomy, and hepatomegaly were lower when alpha-thalassemia was co-inherited. For the first time in Angolan population, the effect of alpha-thalassemia deletion in sickle cell disease was analyzed and results reinforce that this trait influences the hematological and clinical aspects and produces a milder phenotype.
- Efficacy of Nutrition and WASH/Malaria Educational Community-Based Interventions in Reducing Anemia in Preschool Children From Bengo, Angola: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled TrialPublication . Fançony, Cláudia; Soares, Ânia; Lavinha, João; Barros, Henrique; Brito, MiguelAngola reports one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, and anemia represents one of its important causes. Recent studies, in under-five children from the Bengo province of Angola, described high prevalence’s, suggesting malaria, undernutrition and urogenital schistosomiasis as important contributors for the occurrence and spatial variations of anemia. Educational community-based interventions, either in Nutrition and Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Malaria are recommended to correct anemia. Herein, we designed a cluster-randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of two educational-plus-therapeutic interventions in the reduction of anemia: one in nutrition and the other in WASH/Malaria. Socioeconomic, nutritional, anthropometric, parasitological and biochemical data will be collected from all willing-to-participate children, aging under four and resident in the Health Research Center of Angola study area. Considering the multifactorial causes of this condition, determining the efficacy of both interventions might help documenting weaknesses and opportunities for planning integrated strategies to reduce anemia.
- Genetic modulation of anemia severity, hemolysis level, and hospitalization rate in Angolan children with Sickle Cell AnemiaPublication . Germano, Isabel; Santos, Brígida; Delgadinho, Mariana; Ginete, Catarina; Lopes, Pedro; Arez, Ana Paula; Brito, Miguel; Faustino, PaulaSickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a genetic disease caused by the c.20 A > T mutation in HBB gene, generally characterized by sickle erythrocytes, chronic hemolytic anemia, and vaso-occlusive events. This study aimed to investigate genetic modulators of anemia severity, chronic hemolytic rate, and clinical manifestations in pediatric SCA patients from Angola, where the disease is a severe public health problem. The study was conducted on 200 SCA children living in Luanda or Caxito province. Their clinical phenotype as collected from patients’ hospital records. Hematological and biochemical phenotypes were characterized in steady state condition. Twelve polymorphic regions in VCAM1, CD36 and NOS3 genes were genotyped using PCR, RFLP, and Sanger sequencing. CD36 gene promoter variants showed a significant impact on anemia severity. Particularly, the rs1413661_C allele was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, and increased number of hospitalizations and transfusions. This is the first report associating this SNP with SCA phenotypic heterogeneity. Moreover, the rs1041163_C allele in VCAM1 was associated with lower LDH levels; inversely the rs2070744_C allele in NOS3 was related with higher LDH levels and number of hospitalizations, being a risk factor for increased hemolytic rate. This study highlights, for the first time in the Angolan population, the importance of the genetic modifiers of vascular cell adhesion and nitric oxide metabolism in SCA pediatric phenotypic variability.
- Genetic Modulators of Hemolytic Anemia in Angolan Children with Sickle Cell AnemiaPublication . Germano, Isabel; Santos, Brígida; Delgadinho, Mariana; Lopes, Pedro; Arez, Ana Paula; Brito, Miguel; Faustino, PaulaSickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a recessive genetic disease caused by the c.20A>T variant in HBB gene. It is characterised by sickled erythrocytes, chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive events. However, these manifestations are heterogeneous due to environmental and genetic modifying factors. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic modifiers of hemolytic anemia in pediatric SCA patients living in Africa, where the disease is a severe public health problem. The study was conducted on 200 Angolan SCA 3-12 year-old children. Thirteen polymorphic regions in genes previously associated with vascular cell adhesion (VCAM1 and CD36), vascular tonus (NOS3) or erythrocyte hemoglobinisation (HBA), were genotyped using PCR, RFLP, Gap-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Hematological and biochemical phenotypes were obtained at steady state and clinical adverse events were collected from patients’ medical records. Results revealed a high level (67.5%) of α-thalassemia co-inheritance (del. 3.7kb in HBA), which improve patients’ health by delaying the onset of the disease, decreasing anemia and the number of blood transfusions. Two SNPs in CD36 (rs1984112 and rs1413661) showed impact on anemia severity. Particularly, genotypes containing the rs1413661_allele C revealed to be risk factors for severe anemia, as they were associated with lower hemoglobin levels, increased number of hospitalizations and transfusions. This is the first report associating this SNP with SCA pathology. Moreover, the rs1041163_allele C in VCAM1 was associated with lower LDH levels, inversely the rs2070744_allele C in NOS3 was associated with higher LDH levels and a higher number of hospitalizations, being a possible risk factor for increased hemolytic rate. This study contributed to the understanding of SCA complex pathophysiology. It confirmed the positive role of α-thal., both in SCA related anemia and in its clinical manifestations. In addition, it reinforced the importance of vascular cell adhesion in hemolytic anemia variability. In this context, we propose the SNP rs1413661 in CD36 as an important novel genetic modulator of SCA in Africa.