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Publication
Qualidade microbiológica de “comida de rua” pronta para consumo comercializada na área metropolitana de Lisboa, Portugal
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A “comida de rua”/ street food é uma importante componente do sistema de distribuição de alimentos em muitas cidades. No entanto, alimentos expostos para venda na rua estão geralmente associados a condições ambientais e estruturais que favorecem a sua potencial contaminação microbiológica. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a qualidade microbiológica de 118 alimentos prontos para consumo, vendidos na rua, em instalações móveis e/ou amovíveis localizadas na área metropolitana de Lisboa. Foram usados como indicadores de higiene e/ou alteração, os ensaios Microrganismos a 30 oC, Bolores, Leveduras, Enterobacteriaceae e Escherichia coli. Como indicadores de segurança/higiene alimentar foram utilizados os ensaios Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP), Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus e patotipos de E. coli implicados em doenças gastrointestinais. De acordo com os Valores-guia INSA, 2019 a declaração de conformidade da qualidade microbiológica foi de Satisfatório em 35 amostras (29,7%), Questionável em 29 (24,6%) e Não satisfatório em 51 (43,2%). Três amostras (2,6%) obtiveram declaração de conformidade da qualidade microbiológica de Não satisfatório/potencialmente perigoso, devido à presença de L. monocytogenes > 100 unidades formadoras de colónias por grama (ufc/g) e/ou B. cereus > 105 ufc/g e/ou SCP > 104 ufc/g. Foram detetados genes de B. cereus que codificam toxinas diarreicas e eméticas nas estirpes isoladas de duas amostras que continham B. cereus > 105 ufc/g. Não foi detetada a presença de Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens e de genes característicos de patotipos de E. coli habitualmente implicados em doenças gastrointestinais, em qualquer das amostras analisadas. Verificou-se a presença de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva em 26,3% das amostras analisadas. Foi observada uma relação significativa entre a qualidade microbiológica declarada e o Grupo em que os alimentos se incluíam, com o aumento de classificações Questionáveis e Não satisfatórias no caso dos Grupos de alimentos que incluíam componentes hortofrutícolas crus (Fisher-Freeman-Halton = 29,01; p < 0,001). Os dados obtidos alertam para a necessidade de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o cumprimento das Boas Práticas de Higiene, sobre o estabelecimento de pontos críticos de controlo e sobre o grau de conhecimento destes princípios pelos vendedores ambulantes de alimentos.
Street food sector is an important component of the food distribution system in many cities. However, foods exposed for sale on the roadside are generally associated with conditions that favor its potential microbiological contamination. In this study, the microbiological quality of 118 ready-to-eat street foods sold in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal was evaluated. Colony count at 30 oC, yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were used as spoilage/hygiene indicators. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and E. coli pathotypes implicated in gastrointestinal disease were used as food safety/hygiene indicators. According to INSA Microbiological guidelines (Valores-guia INSA, 2019), 35 (29.7%) of the samples were classified as satisfactory, 29 (24.6%) as questionable and 51 (43.2%) as unsatisfactory. Three samples (2.6%) were unsatisfactory/ potentially dangerous, due to the presence of L. monocytogenes > 100 cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram) and/or B. cereus > 105 cfu/g and/or CPS > 104 cfu/g. B. cereus genes encoding diarrheal and emetic toxins were detected in the strains isolated from two samples containing > 105 cfu/g. Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens and pathogenic E. coli were not detected in any of the examined samples. CPS was detected in 26.3% of the samples. A significant relationship between microbiological quality and food category groups, with the increase of questionable and unsatisfactory classifications for those samples including raw components, like fruits and vegetables, was observed (Fisher-Freeman-Halton = 29.01; p < 0.001). The data obtained highlight the need to deepen knowledge about compliance with Good Hygiene Practices, the establishment of critical control points and the level of knowledge of these principles by the street food vendors.
Street food sector is an important component of the food distribution system in many cities. However, foods exposed for sale on the roadside are generally associated with conditions that favor its potential microbiological contamination. In this study, the microbiological quality of 118 ready-to-eat street foods sold in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal was evaluated. Colony count at 30 oC, yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were used as spoilage/hygiene indicators. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and E. coli pathotypes implicated in gastrointestinal disease were used as food safety/hygiene indicators. According to INSA Microbiological guidelines (Valores-guia INSA, 2019), 35 (29.7%) of the samples were classified as satisfactory, 29 (24.6%) as questionable and 51 (43.2%) as unsatisfactory. Three samples (2.6%) were unsatisfactory/ potentially dangerous, due to the presence of L. monocytogenes > 100 cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram) and/or B. cereus > 105 cfu/g and/or CPS > 104 cfu/g. B. cereus genes encoding diarrheal and emetic toxins were detected in the strains isolated from two samples containing > 105 cfu/g. Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens and pathogenic E. coli were not detected in any of the examined samples. CPS was detected in 26.3% of the samples. A significant relationship between microbiological quality and food category groups, with the increase of questionable and unsatisfactory classifications for those samples including raw components, like fruits and vegetables, was observed (Fisher-Freeman-Halton = 29.01; p < 0.001). The data obtained highlight the need to deepen knowledge about compliance with Good Hygiene Practices, the establishment of critical control points and the level of knowledge of these principles by the street food vendors.
Description
Keywords
Comida de Rua Street Food Comida pronta para Consumo Contaminação Microbiológica Qualidade Microbiológica Avaliação do Risco Segurança Alimentar Saúde Pública Área Metropolitana de Lisboa Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2025 janeiro-abril;14(37):28-34
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP