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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível causada pela bactéria Treponema
pallidum e constitui um problema de saúde pública mundial, em
parte devido à ausência de uma vacina para prevenção da sua transmissão.
A investigação desta doença tem sido atrasada pela incapacidade histórica
de cultivar T. pallidum in vitro, dificultando por exemplo o desenvolvimento
de estudos genómicos. De facto, há uma grande lacuna no conhecimento
da epidemiologia molecular deste agente patogénico, assim como da base
molecular que medeia a patogénese da sífilis. No estudo aqui apresentado,
foi possível implementar uma abordagem inovadora para capturar o genoma
de T. pallidum no contexto de infeção humana, evitando-se, assim, a
necessidade da cultura da bactéria em modelo animal. Esta estratégia permitiu
estudar, pela primeira vez, como é que este agente patogénico vai alterando
o seu genoma para se adaptar e sobreviver como agente infecioso
humano. Nomeadamente permitiu descodificar os principais mecanismos
genéticos pelos quais a bactéria T. pallidum evade o sistema imunitário e
se adapta ao Homem nesta complexa e multifásica doença. A aplicação
desta estratégia inovadora de monitorização da interação Homem-bactéria
poderá ser importante para o desenvolvimento de novas medidas profiláticas
e/ou terapêuticas. Acresce que esta abordagem constitui também um
ponto de viragem para o aperfeiçoamento de metodologias de diagnóstico
e de epidemiologia molecular, o que permitirá aumentar o conhecimento
da distribuição geográfica, das vias de transmissão e das propriedades de
virulência deste agente patogénico para bem da saúde pública.
Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium T. pallidum, remains a global problem with an estimated 6 million people infected each year, which is in part attributed to the absence of a vaccine to prevent infection and transmission. Despite its tremendous public health impact, research in syphilis has been considerable hampered due to the historical inability to culture T. pallidum in vitro, which has hampered, for instance, the acquisition of consistent genomic data. As such, there is a strong lack of knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of this important human pathogen as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying syphilis pathogenesis. In the work presented here, we have bypassed the culture bottleneck by means of a targeted strategy never applied to uncultivable bacterial human pathogens to directly capture whole-genome T. pallidum data in the contex t of human infection. This strategy allowed, for the first time, to understand how this pathogen shapes its genome towards adaptation and sur vival during syphilis. While this work demonstrates the exceptional power of monitoring the pathogen adaptability during human infection, it also provides critical data that may guide the development of novel treatments and prophylactic measures, such as a vaccine. In other perspective, it is anticipated that the implemented methodological approach constitutes a disruptive step towards the improvement of the current diagnostics and typing methodologies, which will enhance the knowledge on the geographic distribution of strains, its transmissibility and propensity to cause disease.
Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium T. pallidum, remains a global problem with an estimated 6 million people infected each year, which is in part attributed to the absence of a vaccine to prevent infection and transmission. Despite its tremendous public health impact, research in syphilis has been considerable hampered due to the historical inability to culture T. pallidum in vitro, which has hampered, for instance, the acquisition of consistent genomic data. As such, there is a strong lack of knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of this important human pathogen as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying syphilis pathogenesis. In the work presented here, we have bypassed the culture bottleneck by means of a targeted strategy never applied to uncultivable bacterial human pathogens to directly capture whole-genome T. pallidum data in the contex t of human infection. This strategy allowed, for the first time, to understand how this pathogen shapes its genome towards adaptation and sur vival during syphilis. While this work demonstrates the exceptional power of monitoring the pathogen adaptability during human infection, it also provides critical data that may guide the development of novel treatments and prophylactic measures, such as a vaccine. In other perspective, it is anticipated that the implemented methodological approach constitutes a disruptive step towards the improvement of the current diagnostics and typing methodologies, which will enhance the knowledge on the geographic distribution of strains, its transmissibility and propensity to cause disease.
Description
Keywords
Sífilis Investigação Sequenciação de Nova Geração Sequenciação do Genoma Completo Doenças Infecciosas Saúde Pública Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2018;7(Supl 10):4-7
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
