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Publication
Parvovirus B19: perfil serológico de casos com suspeita clínica de infeção confirmada no INSA entre 2009-2024
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O diagnóstico laboratorial de parvovirus B19 humano é feito a partir da pesquisa de anticorpos específicos para o vírus (imunoglobulinas do tipo G e M) e deteção do DNA viral no sangue ou amostras respiratórias.
Com este estudo pretende-se contribuir para o conhecimento da seroprevalência de anticorpos para parvovírus B19 em Portugal, através da análise da presença de anticorpos IgG e IgM de amostras biológicas de indivíduos com suspeita clínica de infeção recebidas no Instituto Nacional de Saúde durante os últimos 15 anos, 2009-2024.
Entre 2009 e 2024 foram estudados 8469 indivíduos com suspeita clínica de infeção. Quando agrupados por estadio de infeção, 58% dos indivíduos apresentaram infeção antiga, 38% eram negativos e 4% apresentava perfil compatível com infeção aguda. Verificou-se a existência de 5 períodos com maior proporção de infeções agudas: 2009, 2012, 2015-2016, 2019 e 2024. A proporção de indivíduos com infeção antiga aumenta com a idade (22% para 69%). A proporção de indivíduos com infeção aguda foi mais elevada no grupo etário 10-19 anos (7%). No que diz respeito à sazonalidade, verificou-se uma maior proporção de indivíduos com infeção aguda no mês de julho (8%). A presença de anticorpos IgG em 63% dos indivíduos estudados é sugestiva de uma prevalência de infeção elevada na população.
Apesar da ocorrência destes períodos anuais com atividade viral mais intensa, este estudo mostra que o vírus se mantém em circulação, com infeções agudas a ocorrerem todos os anos em Portugal. A proporção de infeções antigas aumenta de forma mais acentuada durante as primeiras duas décadas de vida, tanto para os homens como para as mulheres. Esta observação é particularmente importante para as mulheres em idade fértil. Apesar desta percentagem de mulheres protegidas ser superior a 50%, ainda existe uma percentagem considerável de mulheres em idade fértil sem proteção (entre 34 e 44%), que podem contrair o vírus e transmiti-lo ao feto. Apesar de este estudo não ter representatividade nacional, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a frequência de infeção por parvovirus B19 se tem mantido,estável ao longo dos anos, não deixando, contudo, de ser importante a monitorização e vigilância dos casos suspeitos de infeção, face ao risco acrescido da ocorrência de transmissão vertical.
The laboratory diagnosis of human parvovirus B19 is based on the detection of virus-specific antibodies (IgG and IgM immunoglobul ins) and the detection of viral DNA in blood or respiratory samples. The aim of this study is to contribute to the portuguese parvovirus B19 seroprevalence knowledge, through the analyses of the IgG and IgM antibodies presence in biological samples from individuals with clinical suspicion of infection, received at the National Institute of Health (Portugal) over the past 15 years, from 2009 to 2024. Between 2009 and 2024, 8,469 individuals with clinical suspicion of infection were studied. When grouped by infection status, 58% of individuals showed evidence of past infection, 38% were negative, and 4% had a profile compatible with acute infection. Five periods with a higher proportion of acute infections were identified: 2009, 2012, 2015-2016, 2019 and 2024. The proportion of individuals with past infection increased with age (from 22% to 69%). The proportion of individuals with acute infection was highest in the 10-19 age group (7%). Regarding seasonality, a higher proportion of individuals with acute infection was observed in July (8%). The presence of IgG antibodies in 63% of the individuals studied suggests a high prevalence of infection in the population. Despite the occurrence of these annual periods of more intense viral activity, this study shows that the virus remains in circulation, with acute infections occurring every year in Portugal. The proportion of past infections increases more markedly during the first two decades of life, in both men and women. This observation is particularly important for women of childbearing age. Although more than 50% of these women are protected, a considerable proportion remain unprotected (between 34% and 44%), meaning they may contract the virus and transmitit to the fetus. Although this study does not have national representativeness, the results obtained suggest that the frequency of parvovirus B19 infection has remained stable over the years. Nonetheless, the monitoring and surveillance of suspected infection cases remain important due to the increased risk of vertical transmission.
The laboratory diagnosis of human parvovirus B19 is based on the detection of virus-specific antibodies (IgG and IgM immunoglobul ins) and the detection of viral DNA in blood or respiratory samples. The aim of this study is to contribute to the portuguese parvovirus B19 seroprevalence knowledge, through the analyses of the IgG and IgM antibodies presence in biological samples from individuals with clinical suspicion of infection, received at the National Institute of Health (Portugal) over the past 15 years, from 2009 to 2024. Between 2009 and 2024, 8,469 individuals with clinical suspicion of infection were studied. When grouped by infection status, 58% of individuals showed evidence of past infection, 38% were negative, and 4% had a profile compatible with acute infection. Five periods with a higher proportion of acute infections were identified: 2009, 2012, 2015-2016, 2019 and 2024. The proportion of individuals with past infection increased with age (from 22% to 69%). The proportion of individuals with acute infection was highest in the 10-19 age group (7%). Regarding seasonality, a higher proportion of individuals with acute infection was observed in July (8%). The presence of IgG antibodies in 63% of the individuals studied suggests a high prevalence of infection in the population. Despite the occurrence of these annual periods of more intense viral activity, this study shows that the virus remains in circulation, with acute infections occurring every year in Portugal. The proportion of past infections increases more markedly during the first two decades of life, in both men and women. This observation is particularly important for women of childbearing age. Although more than 50% of these women are protected, a considerable proportion remain unprotected (between 34% and 44%), meaning they may contract the virus and transmitit to the fetus. Although this study does not have national representativeness, the results obtained suggest that the frequency of parvovirus B19 infection has remained stable over the years. Nonetheless, the monitoring and surveillance of suspected infection cases remain important due to the increased risk of vertical transmission.
Description
Keywords
Parvovirus B19 Infeção por Parvovirus B19 Seroprevalência Vigilância Laboratorial Infecções Respiratórias Doenças Infecciosas Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2025 maio-agosto;14(38): 32-36
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP