DSA - Capítulos (ou partes) de livros
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Browsing DSA - Capítulos (ou partes) de livros by Subject "Ar e Saúde Ocupacional"
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- CarcinogenesisPublication . Botelho, M.; Teixeira, João PauloCancer, or neoplasia, is a complex disease with multiple causes. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence the development of cancer. Intrinsic or host factors include age, sex, genetic constitution, immune system function, metabolism, hormone levels, and nutritional status. Extrinsic factors include substances eaten, drunk, or smoked; workplace and environmental (air, water, and soil) exposures; natural and medical radiation exposure; sexual behavior; and elements of lifestyle such as social and cultural environment, personal behavior, and habits. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can interact with one another to influence the development of cancer. In this article, we will discuss all the varied aspects of research that will ultimately lead to the prevention of cancer in man.
- Comet AssayPublication . Costa, Solange; Teixeira, João PauloComet Assay is a simple and sensitive approach to assess genotoxic damage in different cell types, using only a small number of cells. Over the last decades it has gained wide acceptance as an important tool in fundamental DNA damage and repair studies with applications ranging from molecular epidemiology to genetic toxicology. In short, after alkaline DNA unwinding, subsequent electrophoresis causes the relaxed and broken fragments of DNA to move toward the anode away from the nucleoid core, appearing like a ‘comet.’ The distribution of DNA within the comet relates to the extent of DNA damage present in the cells.
- Exposure to emissions from cleaning products in primary schools: a test chamber studyPublication . Cavaleiro Rufo, João; Madureira, J.; Paciência, I.; Sousa, J.; Oliveira Fernandes, E.; Slezakova, K.; Pereira, M.C.; Aguiar, L.; Teixeira, J.P.; Pinto, M.; Delgado, L.; Moreira, A.The aim of this study was to investigate volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from floor cleaning products (FCPs) used in primary schools and compare them with emissions from a previously recognised low-emitting product (control sample). Samples of FCPs used in 3 primary schools and a control sample were collected and subsequently examined in a test chamber. Measurements were performed at t = 0, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after application. The analysis was performed by GC-MS. The results showed that VOC emissions were higher during t = 0 than in the subsequent measurements, with the exception of benzaldehyde and benzene, being significant for toluene and m/p-xylene. VOC emissions from the control FCP were not significantly lower than the schools FCPs. To prevent the exposure of children to VOCs, the school cleaning should be performed at the end of the classes.
- Indoor Environments and Elderly Health (Chapter 2)Publication . Mendes, Ana; Teixeira-Gomes, Armanda; Costa, Solange; Laffon, Blanca; Madureira, Joana; Teixeira, João PauloBook description: Elderly Care: Options, Challenges and Trends examines the demographic shifts Lebanon has experienced over the last few decades, indicating that it is a rapidly aging country. Such an aging population may need various levels of support including access to nursing care in nursing homes, either for short-term rehabilitation or for extended periods of time, when individual dependency outstrips family-based resources. Next, a review is provided on the latest studies and evidences regarding the influence of indoor environment on elderly health. A set of recommendations to improve elderly environmental health are presented, considering the most recent state-of-the-art on this field. Following this, the authors share their real-world experiences from an ongoing large-scale project on IoT-enabled community eldercare. Technology-centric challenges that need to be addressed are identified so that such systems can be sustainably implemented and adopted by key stakeholders. In a separate chapter, the book analyzes hospice care in China, which is still far from meeting its needs caused by the profound aging of China’s population. The analysis indicates that the Chinese Government should formulate a development plan for hospice care and include hospice care services in the National Healthcare Insurance System. Additionally, NGOs should continue to play their part in hospice care development. The perspectives of aging and frailty syndrome are explored later, focusing on the role of biomarkers and environmental exposure in its development. Currently, there are several gaps in the scientific literature regarding frailty syndrome, namely in their definition, models, causal-effects and prevention or treatments. Afterwards, rib fractures in the elderly are addressed. Although plain radiographic films are diagnostic, a large number of patients will need CAT scans for more precise locations of rib fractures. The management of complications as a direct result of rib fractures; mostly hemopneumothorax or visceral injury, will be dealt with accordingly. In an additional study, the factors for hospital admissions associated with adverse drug events are studied. Drug related hospital admissions in the elderly are commonly influenced by polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing. (Nova Biomedical)
- Occupational Exposure of Firefighters in Non-fire SettingsPublication . Slezakova, Klara; Esteves, Filipa; Vaz, Josiana; Alves, Maria José; Madureira, Joana; Costa, Solange; Fernandes, Adília; Teixeira, João Paulo; Morais, Simone; Pereira, Maria do CarmoThis work assessed firefighters’ exposure to particulate matter (PM) in non-fire work settings during pre-fire season, as a baseline for the respective occupational exposure characterization. Indoor and outdoor air sampling was conducted for two weeks in pre-fire season of 2021 in seven fire corporations (FC1-FC7) in north of Portugal. PM fractions (PM2.5, PM10) were continuously monitored concurrently in indoors (living rooms, rest areas, truck bays) and outdoors. The results showed low levels of pollution. Indoor PM10 was between 2 and 205 μg m–3 (mean 10 μg m–3); PM2.5 were 2—115 μg m–3 (8.5 μg m–3). Both indoor PM fractions were highly and significantly correlated (rs = 0.959–0.997). PM2.5 accounted for 85% of indoor PM; indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) of PM2.5 ranged between 1.4 and 3.0, thus emphasizing the contribution of indoor emission sources for fine fraction. Outdoor PM10 were 2–6 times higher than indoors (6–894 μg m–3; mean 21 μg m–3); and 2–9 times higher for PM2.5 (5 – 169 μg m–3; 5 μg m–3). Outdoor PM were moderately correlated (rs = 0.584 – 0.878), most likely due to meteorological conditions. Coarse particles contributed the majority of ambient PM10 and accounted for 79%.
- Occupational Hazards for Healthcare Workers in HospitalsPublication . Cordeiro, Telma; Sousa-Uva, António; Sacadura-Leite, Ema; Pinhal, Hermínia; Nogueira, AnaBook description by publisher: Despite several improvements in risk assessment and exposure prevention, the occupational environment could expose workers to a wide variety of risk factors. Beside “classical” risk factors, such as chemical compounds, physical agents and biological agents, a group of "new” risk factors has become more and more prevalent over the last few decades; psychosocial hazards in occupational environments and exposure to nanoparticles are flawless examples of these potential issues for workers' health. This book aims to address principal “classical” risk factors by dealing extensively with occupational respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases related to work, occupational cancers, and occupational risks for hypersensitivity. Additionally, it attempts to shed light on a deepened treatise of occupational hazards related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, psychosocial ailments, and ergonomic risk factors, which could result in cumulative trauma disorders of the upper limb. The second part of this book provides some advice regarding specific risk factors or specific occupational exposures: health issues related to exposure to mechanical vibrations, pesticides, nanomaterials, and in a hospital environment were used as examples to deepen the risk assessment and the analysis of health hazards. The authors hope to paint a global picture of the principal risk factors in occupational medicine. Given these premises, this book is not aimed to be comprehensive, but rather to provide an introductive and robust base for facing several current issues in occupational medicine.
- Qualidade do Ar InteriorPublication . Proença, Maria do Carmo; Cano, ManuelaUma vez que 80-90% da nossa vida é passada no interior, nas últimas décadas tem-se verificado uma crescente preocupação da comunidade científica com a Qualidade do Ar Interior (QAI), devido aos efeitos que a mesma pode exercer sobre a saúde dos seres humanos. Com o intuito de melhorar a eficiência energética, os edifícios actuais são mais estanques favorecendo a acumulação de contaminantes gerados no interior quando a ventilação é insuficiente. Em Portugal, na sequência da Directiva 2002/91/CE foi revista a legislação e, em 2006, foi publicado o RSECE - eficiência energética de edifícios com sistemas de AVAC e que, entre outros, estabelece requisitos para a Qualidade do Ar Interior. Este artigo refere os principais contaminantes do ar interior, suas principais fontes e efeitos na saúde. Descreve a metodologia de avaliação da QAI bem como os valores de referência adoptados. São descritos alguns casos de estudo, suas principais conclusões e recomendações.
- ToxicologyPublication . Costa, Solange; Teixeira, João PauloToxicology is the study of the adverse effects of xenobiotic agents on living organisms. It encompasses the detection, occurrence, properties, effects, and regulation of toxicants. In addition, toxicology plays an active role in society by advising how to mitigate, control, or prevent deleterious effects of toxicants. As a multidisciplinary science, toxicology continues to expand and evolve. Not many disciplines can achieve the perfect balance between production of science and direct applications, toxicology may be unique in this regard.