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DDI - Capítulos (ou partes) de livros

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  • Comparison of fungal contamination between hospitals and companies food units
    Publication . Viegas, C.; Ramos, C.; Almeida, M.; Sabino, R.; Verissimo, C.; Rosado, L.
    A descriptive study was developed to compare air and surfaces fungal contamination in ten hospitals’ food units and two food units from companies. Fifty air samples of 250 litres through impaction method were collected from hospitals’ food units and 41 swab samples from surfaces were also collected, using a 10 by 10 cm square stencil. Regarding the two companies, ten air samples and eight surface samples were collected. Air and surface samples were collected in food storage facilities, kitchen, food plating and canteen. Outdoor air was also collected since this is the place regarded as a reference. Simultaneously, temperature, relative humidity and meal numbers were registered. Concerning air from hospitals’ food units, 32 fungal species were identified, being the two most commonly isolated genera Penicillium sp.
    2011Book part Open access Show more
  • 2011Book part Restricted access Show more
  • Air fungal contamination in ten hospitals’ food units from Lisbon
    Publication . Viegas, C.; Ramos, C.; Almeida, M.; Sabino, Raquel; Verissimo, Cristina; Rosado, L.
    A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in ten food units from hospitals. Fifty air samples of 250 litres were collected through impaction method. Samples were collected in food storage facilities, kitchen, food plating, canteen and also, outside premises, since this is the place regarded as reference. Simultaneously, environmental parameters were also monitored, including temperature and relative humidity through the equipment Babouc, LSI Sistems and according to the International Standard ISO 7726.
    2011Book part Open access Show more
  • Assessment of fungal contamination in a Portuguese maternity unit
    Publication . Viegas, C.; Sabino, R.; Veríssimo, C.; Rosado, L.
    A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in one Portuguese maternity. Sixty air samples were collected through impaction method. Air sampling was performed in food storage facilities, kitchen, food plating, canteen, pharmacy, sterilization areas, genecology wards, intensive care unit, operating rooms, urgency and also, outside premises, since this was the place regarded as reference. Besides air samples, forty three samples were collected by swabbing the surfaces using a 10 by 10 cm square stencil. Simultaneously, temperature, relative humidity and particles counting (PM10) were registered. Twenty three species of fungi were identified in air, being the two most commonly isolated the genera Penicillium (41,5%) and Cladosporium (28,4%). Regarding yeasts, only Rhodotorula sp. (45,2%), Trichosporon mucoides (51,6%) and Cryptococcus neoformans (3,2%) were found. Thirteen species of fungi were identified in surfaces, being the most frequent the Penicillium genus (91,6%). Concerning yeasts found in surfaces, four species were identified being Rhodotorula sp. (29,1%) the most frequent. There was no coincidence between prevailing genera indoors and outside premises. Moreover, some places presented fungal species different from the ones isolated outside. In the inside environment, Aspergillus species were isolated in air and surfaces. There was no significant relationship (p>0,05) between fungal contamination and the studied environmental variables. Keywords: air, surfaces, fungal contamination, environmental variables, maternity.
    2011Book part Open access Show more
  • Risk assessment of exposure to multiple mycotoxins in food
    Publication . Viegas, S.; Viegas, C.; Ramos, C.; Silva, M.; Sabino, R.; Verissimo, C.; Laura, R.
    Moulds may produce a diversity of toxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and others. Although toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies have addressed the problem of these toxins one by one, more than one mycotoxin are found usually in the same contaminated food. Risk assessment for humans potentially exposed to multimycotoxins suffers very much from the lack of adequate food consumption data. Furthermore, for a given mycotoxin, synergism and antagonism with other mycotoxins, found in the same food commodities, are not taken into account. Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A belong to the most frequently occurring mycotoxins. This has repeatedly been demonstrated, however, normally, the risk resulting from their simultaneous occurrence is not considered. A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in one hospital food unit.
    2011Book part Open access Show more
  • Air contaminants in animal production – poultry case
    Publication . Viegas, C.; Viegas, S.; Monteiro, A.; Carolino, E.; Sabino, R.; Verissimo, C.
    A descriptive study was developed in order to assess air contamination caused by fungi and particles in seven poultry units. Twenty seven air samples of 25 litters were collected through impaction method. Air sampling and particle concentration measurement were performed in the pavilions’ interior and also outside premises, since this was the place regarded as reference. Simultaneously, temperature and relative humidity were also registered. Regarding fungal load in the air from the seven poultry farms, the highest value obtained was 24040 CFU/m3 and the lowest was 320 CFU/m3. Twenty eight species/genera of fungi were identified, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (39.0%) the most commonly isolated species and Rhizopus sp. (30.0%) the most commonly isolated genus. From the Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus flavus (74.5%) was the most frequently detected species. There was a significant correlation (r=0.487; p=0.014) between temperature and the level of fungal contamination (CFU/m3). Considering contamination caused by particles, in this study, particles with larger dimensions (PM5.0 and PM10) have higher concentrations. There was also a significant correlation between relative humidity and concentration of smaller particles namely, PM0.5 (r=0.438; p=0.025) and PM1.0 (r=0.537; p=0.005). Characterizing typical exposure levels to these contaminants in this specific occupational setting is required to allow a more detailed risk assessment analysis and to set exposure limits to protect workers’ health.
    2012Book part Restricted access Show more
  • Comparison of indoor and outdoor fungi and particles in poultry units
    Publication . Viegas, C.; Viegas, S.; Monteiro, A.; Carolino, E.; Sabino, R.; Verissimo, C.
    A descriptive study was developed in order to compare indoor and outdoor air contamination caused by fungi and particles in seven poultry units. Twenty eight air samples of 25 litters were collected through the impaction method on malt extract agar. Air sampling and particles concentration measurement were done in the interior and also outside premises of the poultries’ pavilions. Regarding the fungal load in the air, indoor concentration of mold was higher than outside air in six poultry units. Twenty eight species / genera of fungi were identified indoor, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (40.5%) the most commonly isolated species and Rhizopus sp. (30.0%) the most commonly isolated genus. Concerning outdoor, eighteen species/genera of fungi were isolated, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (62.6%) also the most isolated. All the poultry farms analyzed presented indoor fungi different from the ones identified outdoors. Regarding particles’ contamination, PM2.5, PM5.0 and PM10 had a statistically significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test) between the inside and outside of the pavilions, with the inside more contaminated (p=.006; p=.005; p=.005, respectively). The analyzed poultry units are potential reservoirs of substantial amounts of fungi and particles and could therefore free them in the atmospheric air. The developed study showed that indoor air was more contaminated than outdoors, and this can result in emission of potentially pathogenic fungi and particles via aerosols from poultry units to the environment, which may post a considerable risk to public health and contribute to environmental pollution.
    2012Book part Open access Show more
  • 2012-04-20Book part Open access Show more
  • Polyclonal KPC-3-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Portugal
    Publication . Manageiro, Vera; Ferreira, Eugénia; Louro, Deolinda; The Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program in Portugal; Caniça, Manuela
    All 6 KPC-3-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (5 K. pneumoniae and 1 Enterobacter cloacae), identified among 61 isolates, from different Portuguese health institutions (March 2010 to December 2011) were multidrug resistant, showing susceptibility only to colistin. The blaKPC-3 gene, conferring resistance to carbapenemes, was present alone or in combination with other bla genes: blaSHV-26, blaCTX-M-15, and the ESBL blaSHV-164, here firstly described. The Tn4401-harbouring blaKPC-3 encountered in all isolates, showed a 68 bp deletion upstream of the bla gene. All but two KPC-3-containing plasmids revealed the following types: IncFrepB plus IncFIIs (n=3) and IncFrepB plus IncP (n=1). Dissemination of blaKPC seems to be due to carriage of similar KPC-harbouring plasmids within genetically distinct K. pneumoniae (ST14, ST34, ST59, ST416 and the novel ST960, by MLST) and E. cloacae clinical strains.
    2013Book part Restricted access Show more
  • Contribuição para o controlo da infeção nosocomial de Candida parapsilosis por tipagem com marcadores de DNA microssatélite
    Publication . Sabino, R.; Sampaio, P.; Viegas, C.; Veríssimo, C.; Pais, C.
    Fungal infections constitute a relevant problem in hospitals from all over the world. Their easy transmission through the air, water, or by direct or indirect contact with contaminated persons, surfaces or objects lead to an increasing preoccupation with those infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Regarding the enormous importance of Candida parapsilosis as agent of bloodstream infections and hospital outbreaks, the presented work aimed to contribute to the development of new molecular tools able to answer to epidemiological questions related with infections by this species and their application in favor of patient safety
    2013-05Book part Open access Show more