Percorrer por autor "Silva, Ana Inês"
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- Age-related dose deposition of particulate matter in human respiratory tract: findings from a birth cross-sectional study in PortugalPublication . Madureira, Joana; Slezakova, Klara; Costa, Carla; Silva, Ana Inês; Mendes, Ana; Pereira, Maria do Carmo; Teixeira, João PauloIndoor air pollution remains a great global concern. Particulate matter (PM), namely ultrafine particles (aerodynamic diameter smaller than 0.1 μm; UFP), is considered as one of the most health-relevant air pollutant for various subpopulations, one of which is children. Knowledge on the specific dose deposition of PM may provide a critical link for better understanding of the relationship between individual exposure and the respective health effects. Mathematical models have proven to be important tools for analysing PM dose deposition in the respiratory tract providing relevant data for health risk assessment, source apportionment of human lung burdens and control strategies purposes. This work aimed to estimate the deposition dose of different PM sizes at different age categories. Inhalation dosimetry estimations were carried out using the multiple-path particle dosimetry model (MPPD, v3.04). Age specific 5-lobe model with uniform expansion was adopted in the present study
- Assessment of indoor air exposure at residential homes: Inhalation dose and lung deposition of PM10, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles among newborn children and their mothersPublication . Madureira, Joana; Slezakova, Klara; Silva, Ana Inês; Lage, Bruna; Mendes, Ana; Aguiar, Lívia; Pereira, Maria Carmo; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaAccurate assessment of particulate matter (PM) dose and respiratory deposition is essential to better understand the risks of exposure to PM and, consequently, to develop the respective risk-control strategies. In homes, this is especially relevant in regards to ultrafine particles (UFP; <0.1 μm) which origin in these environments is mostly due to indoor sources. Thus, this study aimed to estimate inhalation doses for different PM mass/number size fractions (i.e., PM10, PM2.5 and UFP) in indoor air of residential homes and to quantify the deposition (total, regional and lobar) in human respiratory tract for both newborn children and mothers. Indoor real-time measurements of PM10, PM2.5 and UFP were conducted in 65 residential homes situated in Oporto metropolitan area (Portugal). Inhalation doses were estimated based on the physical characteristics of individual subjects and their activity patterns. The multi-path particle dosimetry model was used to quantify age-specific depositions in human respiratory tract. The results showed that 3-month old infants exhibited 4-fold higher inhalation doses than their mothers. PM10 were primarily deposited in the head region (87%), while PM2.5 and UFP depositions mainly occurred in the pulmonary area (39% and 43%, respectively). Subject age affected the pulmonary region and the total lung deposition; higher deposition being observed among the newborns. Similarly, lower lobes (left lobe: 37% and right lobe: 30%) received higher PM deposition than upper and middle lobes; right lobes lung are prone to be more susceptible to respiratory problems, since asymmetric deposition was observed. Considering that PM-related diseases occur at specific sites of respiratory system, quantification of site-specific particle deposition should be predicted in order to better evidence the respective health outcomes resulting from inhaled PM.
- Biomarker-validated maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure status and its associations with perinatal outcomesPublication . Silva, Ana Inês; Camelo, Alexandra; Madureira, Joana; Reis, Ana Teresa; Barbosa, Fernando; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaTobacco consumption and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are associated with an increased risk of multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. Within the framework of the NEOGENE project, the aim of this study was to validate smoking and ETS exposure status among pregnant women, to more precisely ascertain its associations with perinatal outcomes, using urinary cotinine (UC), a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (...)
- Caracterização da exposição ao tabaco durante a gravidez e da sua influência em indicadores de saúde neonatal: projeto NeoGenePublication . Madureira, Joana; Silva, Ana Inês; Camelo, Alexandra; Reis, Ana Teresa; Machado, Ana Paula; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaO tabagismo e a exposição ao fumo ambiental do tabaco (ou exposição passiva) estão associados a vários efeitos adversos na saúde, particularmente em períodos de maior suscetibilidade como o período pré-natal. Como condição essencial para o delineamento de estratégias mais adequadas e efetivas de promoção de saúde e prevenção de doença associadas, torna-se essencial caracterizar detalhadamente a exposição ao tabaco no início da vida e conhecer a sua influência em diferentes indicadores de saúde neonatal. Para tal, foi analisada informação individual e clínica de 595 grávidas com mais de 36 semanas de gestação, em consulta no Serviço de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Centro Hospitalar de S. João, entre abril de 2017 e julho de 2018. Foram também analisados indicadores de saúde neonatais dos respetivos recém-nascidos por consulta dos seus processos clínicos. Os resultados deste estudo mostram uma prevalência do consumo do tabaco de 27,9% antes da gravidez, valor que diminui para 12,9% ao nascimento, como resultado de uma cessação tabágica de 46,4% durante a gestação. Em termos de exposição passiva ao fumo do tabaco, verificou-se que 31,7% das participantes não fumadoras estavam diariamente expostas, durante mais de uma hora, antes da gravidez, e que houve uma diminuição da exposição ao longo da gravidez (26,3% no terceiro trimestre). A análise da associação entre os indicadores de saúde neonatal e os comportamentos tabágicos apontam para uma diminuição do peso, tamanho e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento entre os recém-nascidos das participantes fumadoras, valores que aumentam nos casos em que há cessação tabágica durante a gravidez
- Effects of physical exercise training in DNA damage and repair activity in humans with different genetic polymorphisms ofhOGG1(Ser326Cys)Publication . Soares, Jorge Pinto; Silva, Ana Inês; Silva, Amélia M.; Almeida, Vanessa; Teixeira, João Paulo; Matos, Manuela; Gaivão, Isabel; Mota, Maria PaulaThe main purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the possible influence of genetic polymorphisms of the hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) gene in DNA damage and repair activity by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1 enzyme) in response to 16 weeks of combined physical exercise training. Thirty-two healthy Caucasian men (40-74 years old) were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were submitted to a training of 16 weeks of combined physical exercise. The subjects with Ser/Ser genotype were considered as wild-type group (WTG), and Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotype were analysed together as mutant group (MG). We used comet assay in conjunction with formamidopyrimidine DNA glycoslyase (FPG) to analyse both strand breaks and FPG-sensitive sites. DNA repair activity were also analysed with the comet assay technique. Our results showed no differences between DNA damage (both strand breaks and FPG-sensitive sites) and repair activity (OGG1) between genotype groups (in the pre-training condition). Regarding the possible influence of genotype in the response to 16 weeks of physical exercise training, the results revealed a decrease in DNA strand breaks in both groups, a decrease in FPG-sensitive sites and an increase in total antioxidant capacity in the WTG, but no changes were found in MG. No significant changes in DNA repair activity was observed in both genotype groups with physical exercise training. This preliminary study suggests the possibility of different responses in DNA damage to the physical exercise training, considering the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism.
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor dust and the implications for human exposure: preliminary findingsPublication . Madureira, Joana; Sousa, Ana Catarina; Silva, Ana Inês; Aguiar, Lívia; Tanoue, Rumi; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaPersonal care products, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, are major sources of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), such as parabens and triclosan (TCS) (Mitro et al. 2016). The use of these compounds has resulted in extensive environmental occurrence and human exposure. So far, levels of these chemicals in residences has not yet been fully explored, particularly in indoor dust (Chen et al. 2018; Geens et al. 2009). The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of four parabens and TCS in house dust samples and to estimate human exposure doses to these compounds through ingestion in different life stages (infants, toddlers, children, teenagers and adults).
- Impact of physical exercise training on DNA damage and repair: does gender play a role?Publication . Silva, Ana Inês; Soares, J.P.; Silva, A.M.; Gaivão, I.; Mota, M.P.; Matos, M.Acute physical exercise is associated with an enhanced aerobic metabolism, which can result in an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can react with DNA, causing strand breaks and modified bases, namely 8-oxoguanine, one of the most common products of oxidative DNA damage, which is repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Regular physical exercise is considered as a key component of a healthy lifestyle, and its preventive effect, at least in part, is due to oxidative stress induced adaptation, which has been related with an increase in antioxidant activity and in oxidative damage repair enzymes. Gender-related differences concerning DNA damage and DNA repair have been reported. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of 16 weeks of combined physical exercise training on DNA damage and repair, in 26 healthy Caucasian individuals, 14 males and 12 females.
- Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke: H2AX phosphorylation levels in umbilical cord bloodPublication . Duarte, Xavier; Silva, Ana Inês; Reis, Ana Teresa; Teixeira, Joao Paulo; Madureira, Joana; Costa, CarlaThe curent study.carried out within the frame of the NeoGene project, examined the effects of prenatal tobacco smoke onphosphorylation levels of the histone variant H2AX, a reliable biomarker of the formation of DNA double strand breaks inumbilical cord blood.
- The importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy and its association with perinatal outcomesPublication . Silva, Ana Inês; Camelo, Alexandra; Madureira, Joana; Reis, Ana Teresa; Barbosa Jr, Fernando; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaIn utero exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk of multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. Smoking cessation during pregnancy has been related to the improvement of these outcomes, but often relies on self-reporting, impairing an accurate assessment of smoking cessation impact on newborńs health. Building on data obtained in the frame of the NEOGENE project, this work aimed to estimate the association between smoking cessation among pregnant women, confirmed by maternal urinary cotinine concentrations, and perinatal outcomes. The study population included 595 pregnant women who sought prenatal care in a public hospital in Porto (Portugal), from April 2017 to July 2018. Data on tobacco consumption and cessation was obtained in a face-to-face interview, during the hospital stay. Perinatal outcomes, namely birth weight (BW), length (BL) and head circumference (HC) were retrieved from the hospital medical records. Maternal self-reported tobacco use was validated by urinary cotinine concentrations, using the solid-phase competitive ELISA technique. Maternal active smoking was associated with a significant decrease in BW, BL and HC of 157.66 g (p < 0.001), 0.78 cm (p = 0.001) and 0.39 cm (p = 0.016). Notably, maternal smoking cessation led to a significant increase in BW of approximately 172 g (p = 0.006), when compared to mothers who have not ceased. Increases in BL and HC did not reach significance. This study upholds that tobacco consumption is still an important public health threat in Portugal and that smoking cessation during pregnancy reverses smoking-associated deficits in perinatal outcomes, emphasizing the crucial need for awareness campaigns to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy.
- The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancyPublication . Madureira, Joana; Camelo, Alexandra; Silva, Ana Inês; Reis, Ana Teresa; Esteves, Filipa; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, CarlaTobacco is still a leading cause of premature death and morbidity. Particular attention has been given to pregnant women due to the scientific evidence on the importance of early life exposures for disease onset later in life. The purpose of this study was to assess smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these behaviors among pregnant women. Cross-sectional data of 619 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 46 years, from Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, on current smoking, ETS exposure and SEP indicators was collected, face-to-face, using a questionnaire filled in during a personal interview at the postpartum hospital stay. The smoking prevalence, and ETS exposure among non-smokers before pregnancy was 27.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 4.1% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking before pregnancy, whereas about 41% quitted along pregnancy, resulting in a smoking prevalence at birth of 14.6%. Exposure to ETS also decreased throughout pregnancy to 49.8% at birth. Lower educational level was significantly associated with both higher smoking prevalence and exposure to ETS and lower smoking cessation. This study demonstrates that smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy remains high, and that there are still significant socioeconomic inequalities in smoking; thus tobacco-focused preventive interventions need to be reinforced.