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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O tabagismo e a exposição ao fumo ambiental do tabaco (ou exposição
passiva) estão associados a vários efeitos adversos na saúde, particularmente em períodos de maior suscetibilidade como o período pré-natal.
Como condição essencial para o delineamento de estratégias mais adequadas e efetivas de promoção de saúde e prevenção de doença associadas, torna-se essencial caracterizar detalhadamente a exposição ao
tabaco no início da vida e conhecer a sua influência em diferentes indicadores de saúde neonatal. Para tal, foi analisada informação individual
e clínica de 595 grávidas com mais de 36 semanas de gestação, em consulta no Serviço de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Centro Hospitalar de
S. João, entre abril de 2017 e julho de 2018. Foram também analisados
indicadores de saúde neonatais dos respetivos recém-nascidos por consulta dos seus processos clínicos. Os resultados deste estudo mostram
uma prevalência do consumo do tabaco de 27,9% antes da gravidez,
valor que diminui para 12,9% ao nascimento, como resultado de uma
cessação tabágica de 46,4% durante a gestação. Em termos de exposição passiva ao fumo do tabaco, verificou-se que 31,7% das participantes
não fumadoras estavam diariamente expostas, durante mais de uma
hora, antes da gravidez, e que houve uma diminuição da exposição ao
longo da gravidez (26,3% no terceiro trimestre). A análise da associação
entre os indicadores de saúde neonatal e os comportamentos tabágicos
apontam para uma diminuição do peso, tamanho e perímetro cefálico
ao nascimento entre os recém-nascidos das participantes fumadoras,
valores que aumentam nos casos em que há cessação tabágica durante
a gravidez
Tobacco exposure (use and passive exposure) can adversely impact human health, particularly in specific windows of susceptibility, such as the in utero period. As an essential condition for the design of adequate and effective strategies for health promotion and disease prevention, it is crucial to characterize the exposure to tobacco smoke in early life, and to investigate its influence on different perinatal outcomes. For that purpose, individual and clinical data from 595 pregnant women who sought prenatal care at Centro Hospitalar de S. João, between April 2017 and July 2018, were analysed. In addition, information on perinatal indicators were obtained using birth medical records. The smoking prevalence before pregnancy was 27.9% and reduced to 12.9% at birth; 46.4% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking during pregnancy. Concurrently, the prevalence of passive tobacco exposure among non-smoking pregnant women decrease throughout the pregnancy from 31.7% that reported daily exposure for at least one hour prior to pregnancy, to 26.3% in the third trimester. Maternal active smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a decrease in birth weight, length and head circumference; the indicators were found to increase in cases where smoking cessation occurred during pregnancy.
Tobacco exposure (use and passive exposure) can adversely impact human health, particularly in specific windows of susceptibility, such as the in utero period. As an essential condition for the design of adequate and effective strategies for health promotion and disease prevention, it is crucial to characterize the exposure to tobacco smoke in early life, and to investigate its influence on different perinatal outcomes. For that purpose, individual and clinical data from 595 pregnant women who sought prenatal care at Centro Hospitalar de S. João, between April 2017 and July 2018, were analysed. In addition, information on perinatal indicators were obtained using birth medical records. The smoking prevalence before pregnancy was 27.9% and reduced to 12.9% at birth; 46.4% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking during pregnancy. Concurrently, the prevalence of passive tobacco exposure among non-smoking pregnant women decrease throughout the pregnancy from 31.7% that reported daily exposure for at least one hour prior to pregnancy, to 26.3% in the third trimester. Maternal active smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a decrease in birth weight, length and head circumference; the indicators were found to increase in cases where smoking cessation occurred during pregnancy.
Description
Keywords
Tabaco Exposição Humana Gravidez Saúde Neonatal Saúde Pública Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2022 janeiro-abril;11(31):10-16
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
