Percorrer por autor "Oberemm, Axel"
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- Aplicação da biomonitorização humana para avaliação da exposição ocupacional a hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos na Europa: uma revisão da literaturaPublication . Louro, Henriqueta; Gomes, Bruno Costa; Saber, Anne Thoustrup; Iamiceli, Anna Laura; Göen, Thomas; Jones, Kate; Katsonouri, Andromachi; Neophytou, Christiana; Vogel, Ulla; Ventura, Célia; Oberemm, Axel; Duca, Radu Corneliu; Fernandez, Mariana F.; Olea, Nicolas; Santonen, Tiina; Viegas, Susana; Silva, Maria JoãoOs hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) são produtos químicos com impacto em saúde ocupacional, pelo que a avaliação da exposição humana através de estudos de biomonitorização tem aumentado nos últimos anos. No entanto, os dados obtidos são ainda insuficientes para os reguladores e decisores políticos. Este trabalho, no contexto da Iniciativa Europeia em Biomonitorização Humana (HBM4EU), descreve uma revisão da literatura sobre a exposição ocupacional aos HAPs na Europa, entre 2008 e 2022, com o objetivo de identificar as vantagens e limitações dos vários biomarcadores de exposição e /ou de efeito, bem como o conhecimento em falta para melhorar a regulamentação. Os resultados da análise dos 42 artigos elegíveis para inclusão nesta revisão demonstram que o biomarcador de exposição mais utilizado é o 1-hidroxipireno urinário, sendo os biomarcadores de efeito mais comuns, biomarcadores de stresse oxidativo e genotoxicidade. Globalmente, verificou-se a necessidade de desenvolver novas abordagens de recolha de dados e amostras, bem como a seleção apropriada de biomarcadores de forma a obter dados fiáveis e comparáveis em diferentes setores industriais. Além disso, a aplicação de biomarcadores de efeito contribui para a identificação de ambientes de trabalho ou atividades de alto risco, possibilitando medidas de mitigação e gestão de risco.
- Biomarkers of effect as determined in human biomonitoring studies on hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the period 2008-2020Publication . Ventura, Célia; Gomes, BC; Oberemm, Axel; Louro, Henriqueta; Huuskonen, Pasi; Mustieles, Vicente; Fernández, Mariana F.; Ndaw, Sophie; Mengelers, Marcel; Luijten, Mirjam; Gundacker, Claudia; Silva, Maria JoãoA number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented data on exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and cadmium (Cd), but comparatively few include results on effect biomarkers. The latter are needed to identify associations between exposure and adverse outcomes (AOs) in order to assess public health implications. To support improved derivation of EU regulation and policy making, it is of great importance to identify the most reliable effect biomarkers for these heavy metals that can be used in HBM studies. In the framework of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative, our study aim was to identify effect biomarkers linking Cr(VI) and Cd exposure to selected AOs including cancer, immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and omics/epigenetics. A comprehensive PubMed search identified recent HBM studies, in which effect biomarkers were examined. Validity and applicability of the markers in HBM studies are discussed. The most frequently analysed effect biomarkers regarding Cr(VI) exposure and its association with cancer were those indicating oxidative stress (e.g., 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)) and DNA or chromosomal damage (comet and micronucleus assays). With respect to Cd and to some extent Cr, β-2-microglobulin (B2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) are well-established, sensitive, and the most common effect biomarkers to relate Cd or Cr exposure to renal tubular dysfunction. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 could serve as sensitive biomarkers of acute kidney injury in response to both metals, but need further investigation in HBM studies. Omics-based biomarkers, i.e., changes in the (epi-)genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome associated with Cr and/or Cd exposure, are promising effect biomarkers, but more HBM data are needed to confirm their significance. The combination of established effect markers and omics biomarkers may represent the strongest approach, especially if based on knowledge of mechanistic principles. To this aim, also mechanistic data were collected to provide guidance on the use of more sensitive and specific effect biomarkers. This also led to the identification of knowledge gaps relevant to the direction of future research.
- The Use of Human Biomonitoring to Assess Occupational Exposure to PAHs in Europe: A Comprehensive ReviewPublication . Louro, Henriqueta; Gomes, Bruno Costa; Saber, Anne Thoustrup; Iamiceli, Anna Laura; Göen, Thomas; Jones, Kate; Katsonouri, Andromachi; Neophytou, Christiana M.; Vogel, Ulla; Ventura, Célia; Oberemm, Axel; Duca, Radu Corneliu; Fernandez, Mariana F.; Olea, Nicolas; Santonen, Tiina; Viegas, Susana; Silva, Maria JoãoPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the chemicals with proven impact on workers’ health. The use of human biomonitoring (HBM) to assess occupational exposure to PAHs has become more common in recent years, but the data generated need an overall view to make them more usable by regulators and policymakers. This comprehensive review, developed under the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative, was based on the literature available from 2008–2022, aiming to present and discuss the information on occupational exposure to PAHs, in order to identify the strengths and limitations of exposure and effect biomarkers and the knowledge needs for regulation in the workplace. The most frequently used exposure biomarker is urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR), a metabolite of pyrene. As effect biomarkers, those based on the measurement of oxidative stress (urinary 8-oxo-dG adducts) and genotoxicity (blood DNA strand-breaks) are the most common. Overall, a need to advance new harmonized approaches both in data and sample collection and in the use of appropriate biomarkers in occupational studies to obtain reliable and comparable data on PAH exposure in different industrial sectors, was noted. Moreover, the use of effect biomarkers can assist to identify work environments or activities of high risk, thus enabling preventive risk mitigation and management measures.