Browsing by Author "Chandra-Hioe, Maria V."
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- Folates in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum): Influence of cooking and maltingPublication . Motta, Carla; Delgado, Inês; Matos, Ana Sofia; Gonzales, Gerard Bryan; Torres, Duarte; Santos, Mariana; Chandra-Hioe, Maria V.; Arcot, Jayashree; Castanheira, IsabelEffects of processing on the contents of five folate vitamers in quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat were analysed using a trienzymatic extraction method followed by LC–MS/MS. Total folate (TF) content, corresponding to the sum of folic acid (FA), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-CHOTHF) expressed as folic acid equivalent, in raw quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat were 309 ± 8.07, 228 ± 24.2 and 153 ± 12.4 μg/100 g dw, respectively, being dominantly 5-MTHF. Boiling and steaming reduced the TF in amaranth by 58% and 22%, respectively, whereas up to a 10–15% increase was observed in quinoa. Boiling and steaming did not significantly alter the TF content in buckwheat although significant changes were observed in some individual folate vitamers. Malting, on the other hand significantly increased TF content in amaranth by 21% (276 ± 14.2 μg/100 g dw) and buckwheat by 27% (193 ± 20.0 μg/100 g dw), whereas no significant change in quinoa was observed. Based on the EFSA recommendations, a portion of amaranth and quinoa (either boiled, steamed or malted) may contribute up to more than 25% of the dietary reference value for folates, whereas buckwheat may contribute only 14% when cooked and 19% when malted. Results demonstrate that quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat are good sources of folates, regardless of processing.
- Influência da cozedura e da maltagem no conteúdo de folatos em quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)Publication . Mota, Carla; Delgado, Inês; Santos, Mariana; Matos, Ana Sofia; Torres, Duarte; Chandra-Hioe, Maria V.; Castanheira, IsabelO folato ou vitamina B9 é essencial ao organismo sendo a alimentação a maior fonte deste nutriente. A deficiência nesta vitamina pode provocar alterações no crescimento e desenvolvimento de doenças como a anemia. A quinoa é um pseudocereal isento de glúten conhecido essencialmente pelo seu elevado valor nutritivo. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito do processamento no teor em folatos naturais das sementes de quinoa. As amostras de quinoa recolhidas foram sujeitas a cozedura tradicional, cozedura a vapor e maltagem. A determinação simultânea de formas naturais de folatos, ácido fólico, 5-metiltetrahidrofolato, tetrahidrofolato, 5-formiltetrahidrofolato e 10-formiltetrahidrofolato foi realizada por cromatografia de ultra eficiência com deteção por espectrometria de massa com triplo quadrupolo (UPLCMS/ MS). A forma predominante encontrada em todas as amostras foi o 5- metiltetrahidrofolato. O teor de folatos totais mais elevado foi obtido nas amostras cruas (294 μg/100 g edível). A quinoa maltada apresenta uma redução significativa do teor de 5-metiltetrahidrofolato e um aumento significativo do 10-formiltetrahidrofolato. Na quinoa cozida e cozida a vapor o 5-metiltetrahidrofolato é o vitâmero que apresenta o fator de retenção mais elevado. Uma dose equivalente de quinoa independentemente do processamento, representa cerca de 32% da dose diária recomendada de folato podendo, por isso, ser classificada como rica em folatos.
- Probiotic-loaded microcapsule system for human in situ folate production: Encapsulation and system validationPublication . Ramos, Philippe E.; Abrunhosa, Luis; Pinheiro, Ana; Cerqueira, Miguel; Motta, Carla; Castanheira, Isabel; Chandra-Hioe, Maria V.; Arcot, Jayashree; Teixeira, José A.; Vicente, António A.This study focused on the use of a new system, an alginate|Ɛ-poly-L-lysine| alginate|chitosan microcapsule (APACM), able to immobilize a folate-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC), which provides a new approach to the utilization of capsules and probiotics for in situ production of vitamins. LLC is able to produce 95.25±26 μg·L−1 of folate, during 10 h, andwas encapsulated in the APACM. APACMproved its capacity to protect LLC against the harsh conditions of a simulated digestion maintaining a viable concentration of 6 log CFU·mL−1of LLC. A nutrients exchange capacity test, was performed using Lactobacillus plantarum UM7, a high lactic acid producer was used here to avoid false negative results. The production and release of 2 g·L−1 of lactic acidwas achieved through encapsulation of L. plantarum, after 20 h. The adhesion of APACM to epithelial cells was also quantified, yielding 38% and 33% of capsules adhered to HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, respectively.