Browsing by Author "Bajard, Lola"
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- Biomonitorização humana de micotoxinas no âmbito do projeto HBM4EU: um estudo sobre desoxinivalenol e fumonisina B1Publication . Alvito, Paula; Namorado, Sónia; Assunção, Ricardo; Bajard, Lola; Martins, Carla; Mengelers, Marcel; Mol, Hans; Van den Brand, Annick; Vasco, Elsa; Viegas, Susana; Silva, Maria JoãoAs micotoxinas são toxinas naturais produzidas por fungos, apresentando efeitos tóxicos para o homem e para os animais. Reconhece-se, atualmente, que as alterações climáticas terão impacto na distribuição geográfica de algumas espécies de fungos produtores de micotoxinas o que se traduzirá, previsivelmente, num aumento da exposição humana a estes compostos. Pelas razões descritas, urge conhecer a atual exposição a micotoxinas na Europa, com vista à sua futura monitorização e à prevenção/redução do seu impacto na saúde. No âmbito da Iniciativa Europeia em Biomonitorização Humana (HBM4EU) consideraram-se as micotoxinas desoxinivalenol (DON) e fumonisina B1 (FB1) como substâncias prioritárias, tendo sido abordadas várias questões relativas à avaliação da exposição humana e o potencial risco para a saúde. No presente artigo, apresentam-se as questões identificadas como mais importantes, respostas obtidas e perspetivas futuras. Os resultados confirmaram a exposição humana a DON, tendo sido obtidos, pela primeira vez, dados harmonizados de exposição ao nível europeu e derivado um valor de referência para essa exposição. Foi ainda proposto, pela primeira vez no HBM4EU, uma sucessão de eventos biológicos baseados no mecanismo de ação da FB1 que permitiu associar a exposição durante a gravidez ao desenvolvimento de defeitos do tubo neural no feto. Espera-se que estes resultados possam contribuir para uma futura monitorização da exposição a micotoxinas na Europa e para melhorar a avaliação de risco destas substâncias.
- Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU-Lessons Learned and Future TrendsPublication . Alvito, Paula; Assunção, Ricardo Manuel; Bajard, Lola; Martins, Carla; Mengelers, Marcel J.B.; Mol, Hans; Namorado, Sónia; van den Brand, Annick D.; Vasco, Elsa; Viegas, Susana; Silva, Maria JoãoMycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is expected to occur, raising public health concerns. This urges us to assess the current human exposure to mycotoxins in Europe to allow monitoring exposure and prevent future health impacts. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were considered as priority substances to be studied within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to generate knowledge on internal exposure and their potential health impacts. Several policy questions were addressed concerning hazard characterization, exposure and risk assessment. The present article presents the current advances attained under the HBM4EU, research needs and gaps. Overall, the knowledge on the European population risk from exposure to DON was improved by using new harmonised data and a newly derived reference value. In addition, mechanistic information on FB1 was, for the first time, organized into an adverse outcome pathway for a congenital anomaly. It is expected that this knowledge will support policy making and contribute to driving new Human Biomonitoring (HBM) studies on mycotoxin exposure in Europe.
- Human biomonitoring of mycotoxins under HBM4EU: update on key outputsPublication . Alvito, Paula; Assunção, Ricardo; Bajard, Lola; Mol, Hans; Martins, Carla; Mengelers, Marcel; Namorado, Sónia; Vasco, Elsa; Van den Brand, Annick; Viegas, Susana; Silva, MariaThe European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) is a project gathering 30 countries, funded under Horizon 2020 and running from 2017 until 2021. The goal of HBM4EU is to generate evidence on the current exposure of European citizens to chemicals and on their possible health effects to assess the associated risks. Following a systematic prioritization exercise, the mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) were considered as priority substances around which the HBM4EU research programme was developed. As part of the HBM4EU project, several policy questions are being addressed for these mycotoxins, concerning analytical methods, exposure levels and high exposure population groups in Europe (including workers), associated time trends, risk characterization, exposure models and toxicokinetic data, human biomonitoring guidance values, key events that determine the health effects of the target mycotoxins, effect biomarkers, data gaps and research needs. Key outputs from HBM4EU achieved until now for DON and FB1, include: i) a biomarker selected to assess human exposure to DON (total urinary DON) that will be used in the aligned studies, ii) several European laboratories selected to perform DON analysis after passing an interlaboratory study, ii) a research protocol on human exposure and geographic variations in Europe, iv) a risk assessment plan to assess DON and FB1 exposure in Europe, v) a review of available toxicokinetics models, vi) a draft on the possible mechanisms of FB1-induced adverse health effects and vii) a specific effect biomarker for FB1.
- Implementation of effect biomarkers in human biomonitoring studies: A systematic approach synergizing toxicological and epidemiological knowledgePublication . Rodríguez-Carrillo, Andrea; Mustieles, Vicente; Salamanca-Fernández, Elena; Olivas-Martínez, Alicia; Suárez, Beatriz; Bajard, Lola; Baken, Kirsten; Blaha, Ludek; Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie; Couderq, Stephan; D'Cruz, Shereen Cynthia; Fini, Jean-Baptiste; Govarts, Eva; Gundacker, Claudia; Hernández, Antonio F.; Lacasaña, Marina; Laguzzi, Federica; Linderman, Birgitte; Long, Manhai; Louro, Henriqueta; Neophytou, Christiana; Oberemn, Axel; Remy, Sylvie; Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine; Saber, Anne Thoustrup; Schoeters, Greet; Silva, Maria João; Smagulova, Fatima; Uhl, Maria; Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Vogel, Ulla; Wielsøe, Maria; Olea, Nicolás; Fernández, Mariana F.Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have highlighted widespread daily exposure to environmental chemicals. Some of these are suspected to contribute to adverse health outcomes such as reproductive, neurological, and metabolic disorders, among other developmental and chronic impairments. One of the objectives of the H2020 European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) was the development of informative effect biomarkers for application in a more systematic and harmonized way in large-scale European HBM studies. The inclusion of effect biomarkers would complement exposure data with mechanistically-based information on early and late adverse effects. For this purpose, a stepwise strategy was developed to identify and implement a panel of validated effect biomarkers in European HBM studies. This work offers an overview of the complete procedure followed, from comprehensive literature search strategies, selection of criteria for effect biomarkers and their classification and prioritization, based on toxicological data and adverse outcomes, to pilot studies for their analytical, physiological, and epidemiological validation. We present the example of one study that demonstrated the mediating role of the effect biomarker status of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF in the longitudinal association between infant bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and behavioral function in adolescence. A panel of effect biomarkers has been implemented in the HBM4EU Aligned Studies as main outcomes, including traditional oxidative stress, reproductive, and thyroid hormone biomarkers. Novel biomarkers of effect, such as DNA methylation status of BDNF and kisspeptin (KISS) genes were also evaluated as molecular markers of neurological and reproductive health, respectively. A panel of effect biomarkers has also been applied in HBM4EU occupational studies, such as micronucleus analysis in lymphocytes and reticulocytes, whole blood comet assay, and malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine and untargeted metabolomic profile in urine, to investigate, for example, biological changes in response to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) exposure. The use of effect biomarkers in HBM4EU has demonstrated their ability to detect early biological effects of chemical exposure and to identify subgroups that are at higher risk. The roadmap developed in HBM4EU confirms the utility of effect biomarkers, and support one of the main objectives of HBM research, which is to link exposure biomarkers to mechanistically validated effect and susceptibility biomarkers in order to better understand the public health implications of human exposure to environmental chemicals.