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Publication
Malária: estudo retrospetivo de casos clínicos suspeitos de infeção por Plasmodium sp. (2010-2020)
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A malária, é uma infeção parasitária causada por um protozoário intracelular
obrigatório (género Plasmodium), cuja transmissão é assegurada
quando uma fémea de mosquito género Anopheles infetada efetua a sua
refeição de sangue num individuo. Estão descritas mais de 150 espécies,
mas apenas cinco infetam o Homem: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae,
P. ovale e mais recentemente, P. knowlesi, uma espécie que causa malária
em macacos no sudeste asiático. É a doença parasitária mais importante
para o Homem, encontrando-se infetada cerca de 5% da população mundial,
sendo o P. falciparum o agente mais disseminado, responsável por
mais de 80% dos casos mundiais e o que apresenta uma patogenia mais
agressiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar o diagnóstico laboratorial
em doentes com quadro clínico compatível com malária e descrever as
características demográficas nos casos confirmados. As metodologias
de diagnóstico utilizadas foram, serológicas (IFI), moleculares (PCR em
tempo real, adaptada de Swan et al. e a pesquisa direta em gota espessa e
esfregaço. Foram analisadas 802 amostras, 15 das quais provenientes do
surto de ébola (África ocidental, 2014). Detetaram-se 124 (15,5%; 124/802)
casos positivos. Todos os casos positivos de malária são importados. A
maioria dos casos ocorreu em de viajantes, indivíduos adultos. Pelo facto
de a transmissão local continuar a ser possível na Europa e pela quantidade
de viagens efetuadas entre a Europa e os países endémicos salienta se
a necessidade de vigilância, e prevenção desta parasitose.
Malaria is a human disease caused by a protozoan infection of red blood cells transmitted by the bite of a female anopheline mosquito. There are described more than 150 species of Plasmodium but only five infected humans, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and more recently P. knowlesi, a specie that causes malaria in monkeys in Southeast Asia. Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man; approximately 5% of the world’s population is infected. P. falciparum is the most widespread specie responsible for over 80% of cases worldwide and which has a more aggressive pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to perform laboratory diagnosis in patients with clinical symptoms compatible with malaria and describe the demographic characteristics in confirmed cases. The methods of diagnosis used were serological (IIF), molecular (real-time PCR, adapted Swan et al.) and direct visualization of thick and thin blood smears. We analysed 802 specimens, 15 of which belonging to Ebola outbreak (West Africa, 2014). 124 (15.5%; 124/802) were positive cases. All positive cases of malaria are imported. Most cases occurredin adults travellers. Since local transmission continues to be possible in Europe and the big number of trips between Europe and endemic countries are a reality underlines the need of surveillance and prevention of this disease.
Malaria is a human disease caused by a protozoan infection of red blood cells transmitted by the bite of a female anopheline mosquito. There are described more than 150 species of Plasmodium but only five infected humans, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and more recently P. knowlesi, a specie that causes malaria in monkeys in Southeast Asia. Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man; approximately 5% of the world’s population is infected. P. falciparum is the most widespread specie responsible for over 80% of cases worldwide and which has a more aggressive pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to perform laboratory diagnosis in patients with clinical symptoms compatible with malaria and describe the demographic characteristics in confirmed cases. The methods of diagnosis used were serological (IIF), molecular (real-time PCR, adapted Swan et al.) and direct visualization of thick and thin blood smears. We analysed 802 specimens, 15 of which belonging to Ebola outbreak (West Africa, 2014). 124 (15.5%; 124/802) were positive cases. All positive cases of malaria are imported. Most cases occurredin adults travellers. Since local transmission continues to be possible in Europe and the big number of trips between Europe and endemic countries are a reality underlines the need of surveillance and prevention of this disease.
Description
Keywords
Malária Infeção por Plasmodium sp Infecções Sistémicas e Zoonoses Diagnóstico Laboratorial Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2021 janeiro-abril;10(29):24-29
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP