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Os eventos de massa representam um desafio para a Saúde Pública, dado o risco acrescido de transmissão de doenças e a pressão exercida sobre os serviços locais de saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a variação da proporção de episódios de urgência com diagnóstico respiratório no BOOM Festival, comparando o período pré-pandemia COVID 19 (2018) com o período pós-pandemia COVID-19 (2022).
Foi conduzido um estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico, com análise de duas séries temporais, com base nos dados de vigilância epidemiológica recolhidos durante ambos os festivais. Foram incluídos todos os indivíduos que recorreram a cuidados de saúde, num total de 3100 episódios de urgência em 2018 e 3616 em 2022. A análise estatística permitiu calcular frequências, proporções e risco relativo de ocorrência de episódios de urgência com diagnóstico respiratório.
Os resultados revelaram um aumento da proporção de episódios de urgência com diagnóstico respiratório de 2,3% em 2018 para 6,4% em 2022, correspondendo a um risco relativo de 2,8 (IC95%), ou seja, quase três vezes superior no período pós-pandemia. A distribuição etária demonstrou predominância nos grupos 18-29 e 30-39 anos, com uma redistribuição proporcional entre eles em 2022. Verificou-se ainda ligeira predominância do sexo feminino, embora em decréscimo, e um aumento de casos entre participantes oriundos da Ásia. A maioria dos episódios foi resolvida nos postos médicos do festival, evidenciando a relevância da resposta local.
Conclui-se que o período pós-pandemia se associou a um aumento expressivo de episódios respiratórios, reforçando a necessidade de planeamento adequado, vigilância epidemiológica contínua e articulação entre organizadores e autoridades de saúde para garantir segurança e mitigação de riscos em eventos de massa.
Mass gatherings represent a challenge for Public Health, given the increased risk of disease transmission and the pressure placed on local healthcare services. This study aimed to analyze the variation in the proportion of emergency episodes with respiratory diagnoses at the BOOM Festival, comparing the pre–COVID-19 pandemic period (2018) with the post– COVID-19 pandemic period (2022). An analytical observational epidemiological study was conducted, with an analysis of two time series, based on epidemiological surveillance data collected during both festivals. All individuals who sought healthcare services were included, comprising a total of 3100 emergency episodes in 2018 and 3616 in 2022. Statistical analysis allowed the calculation of frequencies, proportions, and the relative risk of emergency episodes with a respiratory diagnosis. Results showed an increase in the proportion of emergency episodes with respiratory diagnoses from 2.3% in 2018 to 6.4% in 2022, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.80 (95% CI), meaning that the likelihood of respiratory diagnoses was almost three times higher in the post-pandemic period. Age distribution revealed a predominance in the 18–29 and 30–39 age groups, with a proportional redistribution in 2022. A slight predominance of female cases was observed, although decreasing, alongside an increase in cases among participants from Asia. Most episodes were managed within the festival’s medical facilities, highlighting the importance of on-site healthcare services. In conclusion, the post-pandemic period was associated with a significant increase in respiratory episodes, reinforcing the need for proper planning, continuous epidemiological surveillance, and strong coordination between event organizers and health authorities to ensure safety and mitigate risks during mass gatherings.
Mass gatherings represent a challenge for Public Health, given the increased risk of disease transmission and the pressure placed on local healthcare services. This study aimed to analyze the variation in the proportion of emergency episodes with respiratory diagnoses at the BOOM Festival, comparing the pre–COVID-19 pandemic period (2018) with the post– COVID-19 pandemic period (2022). An analytical observational epidemiological study was conducted, with an analysis of two time series, based on epidemiological surveillance data collected during both festivals. All individuals who sought healthcare services were included, comprising a total of 3100 emergency episodes in 2018 and 3616 in 2022. Statistical analysis allowed the calculation of frequencies, proportions, and the relative risk of emergency episodes with a respiratory diagnosis. Results showed an increase in the proportion of emergency episodes with respiratory diagnoses from 2.3% in 2018 to 6.4% in 2022, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.80 (95% CI), meaning that the likelihood of respiratory diagnoses was almost three times higher in the post-pandemic period. Age distribution revealed a predominance in the 18–29 and 30–39 age groups, with a proportional redistribution in 2022. A slight predominance of female cases was observed, although decreasing, alongside an increase in cases among participants from Asia. Most episodes were managed within the festival’s medical facilities, highlighting the importance of on-site healthcare services. In conclusion, the post-pandemic period was associated with a significant increase in respiratory episodes, reinforcing the need for proper planning, continuous epidemiological surveillance, and strong coordination between event organizers and health authorities to ensure safety and mitigate risks during mass gatherings.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio de Investigação Epidemiológica em Saúde Pública do Internato Médico de Saúde Pública, que decorreu no Departamento de Epidemiologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) entre 1 fevereiro e 31 de julho de 2023, sob a orientação do Dr. Ricardo Mexia, e na Unidade de Saúde Pública Arnaldo Sampaio (USPAS), de 5 de fevereiro de 2025 a 31 de julho de 2025, sob a orientação da Dra. Lina Guarda.
Palavras-chave
BOOM Festival COVID-19 Eventos de Massas Investigação Epidemiológica em Saúde Pública Saúde Pública