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Deteção e quantificação de vírus em Ruditapes philippinarum do estuário do Tejo
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Abstract(s)
A disseminação de vírus entéricos em alimentos e águas é uma das principais causas de doenças de origem alimentar. Os Norovírus (NoV) e o vírus da Hepatite A (HAV) são os principais responsáveis por surtos alimentares conhecidos, sendo o vírus da Hepatite E (HEV) um perigo emergente. Estes são excretados em altas concentrações nas fezes, e a transmissão ocorre principalmente via fecal-oral. Os bivalves são um dos principais veículos de transmissão de vírus devido ao facto de se alimentarem por filtração e os bioacumularem.
Neste estudo, foi analisada a presença de NoVI, NoVII, HAV e HEV, por Real-time RTqPCR, em Ruditapes philippinarum e outros bivalves provenientes do estuário do Tejo entre abril e junho de 2023. Os resultados mostraram a presença de norovírus em 46,9% das amostras. Não se detetou HAV ou HEV. O NoVI foi o mais prevalente e o NoVII apresentou a maior concentração média de carga viral, com 1,3x103 CG/g.
Foram também comparados resultados de amostras de outras zonas de produção de moluscos bivalves (ZPMB) com diferentes classificações sanitárias. Detetou-se uma correlação significativa [Χ2 (4, N=57) =13,8, p=0,0079] com maior prevalência viral em locais de classificação C e colheita proibida em comparação com locais de classificação A e B. O estuário do Tejo revelou prevalência viral superior a outras ZPMB com 14 amostras positivas para NoVI (41,2%), 11 para NoVII (32,4%) e com 10 amostras (29,4%) apresentando coinfecção de ambos os genogrupos I e II. Nas restantes ZPMB, encontrou-se apenas uma amostra infetada com NoVI (4,4%), duas com NoVII (8,7%), e uma com HEV (4,4%). A diferença de prevalência viral entre os dois grupos foi significativa [Χ2 (1, N=57) =4,4098, p=0,0357].
Existe necessidade de vigilância e controlo da contaminação viral em moluscos bivalves, particularmente no estuário do Tejo, onde uma elevada prevalência viral foi identificada.
The dissemination of enteric viruses in food and water is one of the primary causes of foodborne illnesses. Noroviruses (NoV) and the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) are the main culprits behind known foodborne outbreaks, with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) emerging as a potential threat. These viruses are excreted in high concentrations in feces, and transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route. Bivalves are significant vectors for viruses due to their filtration and subsequent bioaccumulation processes, posing risks to public health. In this study, the presence of NoVI and NoVII, HAV, and HEV was analyzed by Realtime RT-qPCR, in Ruditapes philippinarum and other bivalves from the Tejo estuary between April and June 2023. The results revealed the presence of noroviruses in 46.9% of the samples. HAV and HEV were not detected. NoVI was the most prevalent, and NoVII exhibited the highest average viral load, at 1.3x103 CG/g. Results from samples of other bivalve molluscs production areas (BMPA) with diverse sanitary classifications were also used for comparison. A significant correlation [Χ2 (4, N=57) =13.8, p=0.0079] with higher viral prevalence in areas with Class C classification and restricted harvesting as compared to Class A and B areas, was obtained. The Tejo estuary exhibited a higher viral prevalence compared to other BMPA with 14 samples testing positive for NoVI (41.2%), 11 for NoVII (32.4%) and 10 samples (29.4%) showing co-infection of both genogroups I and II. In the remaining BMPA, only one sample was infected with NoVI (4.4%), two with NoVII (8.7%), and one with HEV (4.4%). The difference in viral prevalence between the two groups was significant [Χ2 (1, N=57) =4.4098, p=0.0357]. There is a need for surveillance and control of viral contamination in bivalve molluscs, particularly in the Tejo estuary, where a high viral prevalence was identified.
The dissemination of enteric viruses in food and water is one of the primary causes of foodborne illnesses. Noroviruses (NoV) and the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) are the main culprits behind known foodborne outbreaks, with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) emerging as a potential threat. These viruses are excreted in high concentrations in feces, and transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route. Bivalves are significant vectors for viruses due to their filtration and subsequent bioaccumulation processes, posing risks to public health. In this study, the presence of NoVI and NoVII, HAV, and HEV was analyzed by Realtime RT-qPCR, in Ruditapes philippinarum and other bivalves from the Tejo estuary between April and June 2023. The results revealed the presence of noroviruses in 46.9% of the samples. HAV and HEV were not detected. NoVI was the most prevalent, and NoVII exhibited the highest average viral load, at 1.3x103 CG/g. Results from samples of other bivalve molluscs production areas (BMPA) with diverse sanitary classifications were also used for comparison. A significant correlation [Χ2 (4, N=57) =13.8, p=0.0079] with higher viral prevalence in areas with Class C classification and restricted harvesting as compared to Class A and B areas, was obtained. The Tejo estuary exhibited a higher viral prevalence compared to other BMPA with 14 samples testing positive for NoVI (41.2%), 11 for NoVII (32.4%) and 10 samples (29.4%) showing co-infection of both genogroups I and II. In the remaining BMPA, only one sample was infected with NoVI (4.4%), two with NoVII (8.7%), and one with HEV (4.4%). The difference in viral prevalence between the two groups was significant [Χ2 (1, N=57) =4.4098, p=0.0357]. There is a need for surveillance and control of viral contamination in bivalve molluscs, particularly in the Tejo estuary, where a high viral prevalence was identified.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, apresentada à Universidade NOVA de Lisboa.
Orientadora: Doutora Rita Maria Cruz de Campos Batista, Investigadora Auxiliar do Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Coorientadora: Professora Doutora Ana Luísa Almaça da Cruz Fernando, Prof. Associada, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Orientadora: Doutora Rita Maria Cruz de Campos Batista, Investigadora Auxiliar do Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Coorientadora: Professora Doutora Ana Luísa Almaça da Cruz Fernando, Prof. Associada, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Keywords
Vírus da Hepatite A Vírus da Hepatite E Norovírus Estuário do Tejo Contaminação Viral Segurança dos Alimentos Saúde Pública Bivalves Segurança Alimentar Norovirus Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis E Virus Bivalves Tejo Estuary Viral Contamination Food Safety Public Health Portugal