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Avaliação da exposição à patulina de um grupo de crianças através do consumo de alimentos infantis à base de maçã – estudo piloto
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
[PT] As crianças constituem um grupo populacional vulnerável em virtude das suas características
fisiológicas e metabólicas. Uma alimentação pouco segura pode provocar danos irreversíveis
na sua saúde pelo que é importante desenvolver estudos de avaliação da exposição das
crianças portuguesas a contaminantes presentes nos alimentos. As micotoxinas constituem um
grupo de contaminantes químicos com impacto na saúde humana devido às suas propriedades
cancerígenas, genotóxicas e mutagénicas. A patulina é uma micotoxina com particular
interesse na área da alimentação infantil, dado que ocorre sobretudo em produtos à base de
maçã, amplamente consumidos por este grupo populacional.
Face ao exposto, esta dissertação teve como objetivo a realização de um estudo piloto sobre a
avaliação da exposição à patulina de um grupo de crianças, com idades até aos 36 meses,
através do consumo de alimentos infantis à base de maçã. Para este estudo foi otimizada e
adaptada para a língua portuguesa e para a Tabela da Composição dos Alimentos Portuguesa
uma plataforma informática online desenvolvida e aplicada na Eslovénia, designada por OPEN.
A sua aplicação como diário alimentar, durante três dias, permitiu obter dados pela primeira
vez, sobre o consumo de produtos à base de maçã em 12 crianças portuguesas, registando-se
um valor de ingestão média destes produtos de 86 g e 49 g, para sumos e purés à base de
maçã, respetivamente.
A combinação dos dados de consumo com os teores de patulina em 14 produtos à base de
maçã (dez sumos e quatro purés), com uma contaminação média de 2,13 μg/kg e 0,33 μg/kg
respetivamente, permitiu obter os primeiros valores de avaliação da exposição à patulina de
crianças portuguesas com idades compreendidas entre 0 e 36 meses. A ingestão diária de
patulina estimada num pior caso de exposição possível foi de 0,0441 μg patulina/Kg peso
corporal/dia, encontrando-se, no entanto, muito abaixo da dose diária admissível máxima
provisória (DDAMP) que é de 0,43 μg patulina/Kg peso corporal/dia.Face à ausência de referências bibliográficas, considera-se que, até à data, o presente estudo
foi o primeiro realizado em Portugal relativamente à avaliação de exposição a patulina de
crianças portuguesas através do consumo de alimentos infantis à base de maçã. O estudo
efetuado embora não tenha valor estatístico permitiu criar todas as ferramentas necessárias a
estudos de avaliação da exposição.
[ENG] Children are a particularly vulnerable population group because of their metabolic and physiological characteristics. An unsafe food may cause irreversible damage to their health, reason why is so important to develop studies to determine Portuguese children's exposure to food contaminants. Mycotoxins (secondary metabolites produced by fungi) are a group of chemical contaminants with major impact on human health due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic effect. Patulin is a mycotoxin with particular interest in infant feeding studies, as occurs particularly in apple-based products widely consumed by this population group. In view of the above, this dissertation aims to carry out a pilot study on the exposure assessment of patulin in a children's group, aged between 0 and 36 months, through the consumption of infant food containing apple. An online platform developed and applied in Slovenia called OPEN was optimized and adapted to Portuguese, including the introduction of the Food Composition Database from Portugal. The new online platform, called OPEN Portugal, presents nutritional intake data in a functional form and allows the data storage, production and export of the food diaries in a standardized and sophisticated approach. Its application as a food diary (during three days) allowed the data acquisition, for the first time, on the consumption of apple-based products in 12 Portuguese children, registering an average intake value of 86 g of juices and 49 g of purees. The combination of the consumption data with the patulin occurrence verified on 14 applebased products (ten juices and four purees) with an average contamination of 2.13 μg/kg and 0.33 μg/kg respectively, has provided the first evaluation data on exposure to patulin in Portuguese children aged between 0 and 36 months. The estimated daily intake of patulin in a worst exposure scenario was 0.0441 μg patulin/Kg bw/day. However, this value is below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.43 μg patulin/Kg bw/day. In the absence of references, it is considered that the present study was the first held in Portugal in relation to the exposure assessment to patulin in Portuguese children through consumption of infant food containing apple. Although the study carried out does not have statistical value, it allowed to create all the necessary tools to exposure assessment studies.
[ENG] Children are a particularly vulnerable population group because of their metabolic and physiological characteristics. An unsafe food may cause irreversible damage to their health, reason why is so important to develop studies to determine Portuguese children's exposure to food contaminants. Mycotoxins (secondary metabolites produced by fungi) are a group of chemical contaminants with major impact on human health due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic effect. Patulin is a mycotoxin with particular interest in infant feeding studies, as occurs particularly in apple-based products widely consumed by this population group. In view of the above, this dissertation aims to carry out a pilot study on the exposure assessment of patulin in a children's group, aged between 0 and 36 months, through the consumption of infant food containing apple. An online platform developed and applied in Slovenia called OPEN was optimized and adapted to Portuguese, including the introduction of the Food Composition Database from Portugal. The new online platform, called OPEN Portugal, presents nutritional intake data in a functional form and allows the data storage, production and export of the food diaries in a standardized and sophisticated approach. Its application as a food diary (during three days) allowed the data acquisition, for the first time, on the consumption of apple-based products in 12 Portuguese children, registering an average intake value of 86 g of juices and 49 g of purees. The combination of the consumption data with the patulin occurrence verified on 14 applebased products (ten juices and four purees) with an average contamination of 2.13 μg/kg and 0.33 μg/kg respectively, has provided the first evaluation data on exposure to patulin in Portuguese children aged between 0 and 36 months. The estimated daily intake of patulin in a worst exposure scenario was 0.0441 μg patulin/Kg bw/day. However, this value is below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.43 μg patulin/Kg bw/day. In the absence of references, it is considered that the present study was the first held in Portugal in relation to the exposure assessment to patulin in Portuguese children through consumption of infant food containing apple. Although the study carried out does not have statistical value, it allowed to create all the necessary tools to exposure assessment studies.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Bioloigia Humana e Ambiente apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 2013.
Orientadora Elsa Vasco (Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, INSA, IP)
Orientadora Elsa Vasco (Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, INSA, IP)
Keywords
Alimentação Infantil Segurança Alimentar Diário Aliementar Avaliação da Exposição Micotoxinas Patulina