| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 876.95 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A maioria dos doentes com hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC) apresenta
alterações moleculares no gene CYP21A2, o qual codifica a enzima
21-hidroxilase (21-OH). Os doentes com a forma clássica de deficiência em
21-OH (21-OHD) apresentam a síntese de cortisol diminuída no córtex adrenal
e, os casos mais graves, também apresentam deficiência de aldosterona.
As mulheres com 21-OHD grave apresentam excesso de andrógenos desde
a sua vida fetal conduzindo à virilização dos órgãos genitais externos. Tanto
homens como mulheres com 21-OHD completa não sintetizam a aldosterona
e, consequentemente, logo após o nascimento, podem desenvolver crises
de perda de sal se não forem corretamente diagnosticados e tratados. A 21-
OHD não clássica é devida à deficiência parcial em 21-OH, os fenótipos clínicos
são menos graves, as mulheres não apresentam virilização dos genitais
externos ao nascimento, e geralmente os sinais relativos a excesso de androgénios
podem surgir durante a infância ou até mais tarde (durante ou após a
puberdade). Neste trabalho descrevem-se as alterações e os genótipos mais
frequentes encontrados em doentes portugueses não adultos com 21-OHD.
As alterações mais frequentes encontradas na forma clássica da HSC são
c.293-13C> G, diferentes deleções/quimeras/conversões génicas do gene
CYP21A2 e c.518T> A, enquanto na 21-OHD não-clássica a variante c.844G>
T é a mais frequente. Estes resultados contribuem para um diagnóstico correto
e uma melhor gestão clínica dos doentes, para o seu aconselhamento
genético e para oferecer o diagnóstico pré-natal a casais com risco de ter filhos
afetados com a forma clássica de 21-OHD.
Most of the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have molecular alterations in the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21-OH). Patients with the classic form of 21-OH deficiency (21-OHD) have the synthesis of cor tisol impaired in the adrenal cor tex and, the most severe cases also have aldosterone deficiency. Females with severe 21-OHD, star ting their fetal life have excess of androgens leading to external genitalia virilization at bir th. Both males and females with complete 21-OHD are not able to synthesize aldosterone, consequently soon af ter bir th may develop salt wasting crises if not correctly diagnosed and treated. Non-classic 21-OHD is due to par tial deficiency of 21-OH, the clinical phenotypes are less severe, females don’t present ambiguity of the external genitalia at bir th, usually signs of androgen excess may be present during childhood or even later in life (during or af ter puber ty). We present here the most frequent alterations and genotypes found in non adult Por tuguese patients with 21-OHD. The most frequent alterations found in the classic form of CAH are c.293-13C>G, dif ferent CYP21A2 deletions/quimeras/gene conversions and c.518T>A, while in non-classic 21-OHD the variant c.844G>T is the most frequent. These results contribute to a correct patient diagnosis, to a better clinical care, genetic counseling and to of fer pre-natal diagnosis to couples at risk of having af fected babies with the classic form of 21-OHD.
Most of the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have molecular alterations in the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21-OH). Patients with the classic form of 21-OH deficiency (21-OHD) have the synthesis of cor tisol impaired in the adrenal cor tex and, the most severe cases also have aldosterone deficiency. Females with severe 21-OHD, star ting their fetal life have excess of androgens leading to external genitalia virilization at bir th. Both males and females with complete 21-OHD are not able to synthesize aldosterone, consequently soon af ter bir th may develop salt wasting crises if not correctly diagnosed and treated. Non-classic 21-OHD is due to par tial deficiency of 21-OH, the clinical phenotypes are less severe, females don’t present ambiguity of the external genitalia at bir th, usually signs of androgen excess may be present during childhood or even later in life (during or af ter puber ty). We present here the most frequent alterations and genotypes found in non adult Por tuguese patients with 21-OHD. The most frequent alterations found in the classic form of CAH are c.293-13C>G, dif ferent CYP21A2 deletions/quimeras/gene conversions and c.518T>A, while in non-classic 21-OHD the variant c.844G>T is the most frequent. These results contribute to a correct patient diagnosis, to a better clinical care, genetic counseling and to of fer pre-natal diagnosis to couples at risk of having af fected babies with the classic form of 21-OHD.
Description
Keywords
Hperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita Gene CYP21A2 Deficiência em 21 hidroxilase Diagnóstico Molecular Doenças Genéticas Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2018 setembro-dezembro;7(23):62-6
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
