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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A parotidite epidémica (“papeira”) é uma doença contagiosa causada por
um vírus de RNA, pertencente à família Paramixovírus, género Rubulavirus.
O vírus da parotidite epidémica tem apenas um serotipo, mas 12 genótipos
diferentes (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N). Em Portugal, a vacina
contra a papeira foi introduzida no Plano Nacional de Vacinação (PNV)
em 1987 combinada com a vacina do sarampo e rubéola (VASPR). Desde
a sua introdução, as taxas de cobertura vacinal referentes a esta vacina
têm sido altas, contudo, o número de casos de papeira notificados, sem
a ocorrência de surtos, foi sempre elevado comparativamente ao número
de casos de sarampo e rubéola. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a confirmação
laboratorial de um surto de parotidite epidémica ocorrido numa
escola secundária do concelho de Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal,
entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2019. A confirmação laboratorial dos casos foi
efetuada através da deteção do RNA viral e da determinação de IgG e IgM
utilizando reagentes comerciais. A determinação do genótipo foi efetuada
por sequenciação cíclica. Entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2019, foram identificados
19 casos suspeitos de parotidite epidémica numa escola secundária
do concelho de Vila Real de Santo António. A mediana de idades
dos casos foi de 17,5 anos e apenas um indivíduo era não vacinado. O
Laboratório Nacional de Referência de Doenças Evitáveis pela Vacinação
recebeu produtos biológicos de 10 destes casos para confirmação laboratorial.
Dos 10 casos em estudos, 5 foram confirmados laboratorialmente
através da deteção do ácido nucleico viral, dos quais 4 eram indivíduos
vacinados. Apenas um destes casos apresentava anticorpos IgM correspondendo
ao indivíduo não vacinado. Os estudos de genotipagem mostraram
que o vírus responsável por este surto pertence ao genótipo G. Do
presente surto salienta-se que não foram detetados anticorpos IgM nos
indivíduos vacinados, sendo a confirmação laboratorial destes casos só
possível através da deteção do RNA viral. Os 5 casos não confirmados
laboratorialmente eram todos indivíduos vacinados e 2 não apresentavam
sintomas compatíveis com a definição de caso de parotidite epidémica.
No entanto, é de referir que o intervalo de tempo entre o aparecimento
dos sintomas e a colheita dos produtos biológicos foi superior a 7 dias, o
que pode ter condicionado os resultados laboratoriais. Por último, salienta-
se que a ocorrência, em diversos países, de surtos de parotidite epidémica
em adolescentes vacinados associados ao genótipo G, vem reforçar
a importância da rápida confirmação laboratorial dos casos suspeitos, a
qual deverá ser efetuada pela deteção do RNA viral, uma vez que só este
parâmetro pode confirmar um caso de parotidite epidémica neste grupo
populacional.
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a RNA virus, belonging to the family Paramixovirus, genus Rubulavirus. Mumps virus has only one serotype but 12 different genotypes (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N). In Portugal, MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine was introduced into the National Vaccination Plan (PNV) in 1987. Since its introduction, MMR coverage rates have been high. However, the number of reported mumps cases without outbreaks has always been high, compared to the number of measles and rubella cases. This work aimed at the laboratory confirmation of a mumps outbreak in a secondary school in the municipality of Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal, between January and February 2019. Laboratory confirmation of the cases was carried out by mumps RNA detection and IgG and IgM specific antibodies determination using commercial reagents. Mumps genotyping was performed by cyclic sequencing. Between January and February 2019, 19 suspected mumps cases were identified in a secondary school in the municipality of Vila Real de Santo António. The median age of the cases was 17.5 years and only one individual was unvaccinated. Biological products of ten suspected cases were sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Vaccine Preventable Diseases for laboratory confirmation. Of these, 5 cases were laboratory confirmed by RNA detection, of which 4 cases were vaccinated individuals. Only one of these cases had IgM antibodies corresponding to the unvaccinated individual. Viral molecular characterization has shown that the mumps virus responsible for this outbreak belongs to genotype G. In this outbreak investigation, no IgM antibodies were detected in vaccinated individuals and laboratory confirmation of these cases was only possible by detection of viral RNA. The five not confirmed cases were all vaccinated individuals and two had no symptoms consistent with mumps case definition. However, it should be noted that the time between the onset of the symptoms and sample collection was longer than 7 days which may conditioned the laboratory results. Finally, we would like to pointed out that that the occurrence of mumps outbreaks in vaccinated adolescents associated with genotype G has been described in several countries, reinforcing the importance of a rapid laboratory confirmation of suspected cases. This confirmation can be done only by mumps RNA detection since only this parameter can confirm a mumps case in a vaccinated population.
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a RNA virus, belonging to the family Paramixovirus, genus Rubulavirus. Mumps virus has only one serotype but 12 different genotypes (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N). In Portugal, MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine was introduced into the National Vaccination Plan (PNV) in 1987. Since its introduction, MMR coverage rates have been high. However, the number of reported mumps cases without outbreaks has always been high, compared to the number of measles and rubella cases. This work aimed at the laboratory confirmation of a mumps outbreak in a secondary school in the municipality of Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal, between January and February 2019. Laboratory confirmation of the cases was carried out by mumps RNA detection and IgG and IgM specific antibodies determination using commercial reagents. Mumps genotyping was performed by cyclic sequencing. Between January and February 2019, 19 suspected mumps cases were identified in a secondary school in the municipality of Vila Real de Santo António. The median age of the cases was 17.5 years and only one individual was unvaccinated. Biological products of ten suspected cases were sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Vaccine Preventable Diseases for laboratory confirmation. Of these, 5 cases were laboratory confirmed by RNA detection, of which 4 cases were vaccinated individuals. Only one of these cases had IgM antibodies corresponding to the unvaccinated individual. Viral molecular characterization has shown that the mumps virus responsible for this outbreak belongs to genotype G. In this outbreak investigation, no IgM antibodies were detected in vaccinated individuals and laboratory confirmation of these cases was only possible by detection of viral RNA. The five not confirmed cases were all vaccinated individuals and two had no symptoms consistent with mumps case definition. However, it should be noted that the time between the onset of the symptoms and sample collection was longer than 7 days which may conditioned the laboratory results. Finally, we would like to pointed out that that the occurrence of mumps outbreaks in vaccinated adolescents associated with genotype G has been described in several countries, reinforcing the importance of a rapid laboratory confirmation of suspected cases. This confirmation can be done only by mumps RNA detection since only this parameter can confirm a mumps case in a vaccinated population.
Description
Keywords
Parotidite Parotidite Epidémica Surtos Doenças Evitáveis pela Vacinação Saúde Pública Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2020 janeiro-abril;9(26):17-26
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
