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Impacto de uma década de um programa de base comunitária em meio escolar, na obesidade Infantil em Portugal: MUN-SI 2008-2018
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Em Portugal, a Obesidade destaca-se como a doença mais prevalente na infância, com 1 em cada 3 crianças com excesso de peso, ainda que pareça observar-se uma tendência invertida na última década. Programas contínuos, de base comunitária ao nível local parecem responder de forma eficaz a esta problemática. O MUN-SI surgiu em 2008, como um programa de promoção da saúde infantil em municípios com o objetivo de retardar o excesso de peso infantil de forma interativa.
Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do MUN-SI no estado nutricional, a mudança comportamental e de hábitos alimentares, a aquisição de conhecimentos, a adesão à Dieta Mediterrânica e a prática de atividade física, em crianças dos 6 aos 10 anos, entre 2008 e 2018, no Município de Oeiras.
Metodologia: O MUN-Si intervém através de uma matriz de 3 parâmetros: promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis de acordo com a temática a abordar, promover a prática de atividade física regular e avaliar o estado nutricional infantil, em escolas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. As sessões de intervenção lúdico-educativas em sala de aula foram implementadas por nutricionistas treinados e incluíram: diagnóstico inicial e sensibilização para a temática, intervenção motivacional e avaliação do programa com participação ativa da família. Os comportamentos alimentares e prática de atividade física foram avaliados através de um questionário à família. O estado nutricional infantil foi classificado pelos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, 2007.
Resultados: Registou-se uma mudança comportamental positiva na preferência de inclusão de hortofrutícolas nos lanches (+2,3% em 2015/2016) e ao pequeno-almoço (+16% em 2014/2015 e +11,9% em 2017/2018). A aquisição de conhecimentos sobre a Dieta Mediterrânica foi verificada em +12,1% a 21,1%, entre 2016 e 2019 e a adesão à Dieta Mediterrânica aumentou em 20,9%, em 2016/2017. Houve um aumento na prática de atividade física regular (11 a 15%) e uma redução de 11,2% na prevalência excesso de peso (35,5% para 24,3%) e 10,3% de obesidade (16,7% para 6,4%) (p<0,005).
Conclusões: Os resultados do MUN-SI sugerem que programas de base comunitária multidisciplinares integrados e aplicados continuamente ao nível local, têm efeito na adoção de estilos de vida mais saudáveis e na diminuição da prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade infantil.
Introduction: In Portugal, obesity is the most prevalent disease in childhood, with 1 in every 3 children being overweight, although in the last decade it has been showing a downward trend. Ongoing, community-based programs at local level seem to respond effectively to this problem. MUN-SI emerged in 2008 as a program to promote child health in municipalities with the aim of interactively tackle childhood overweight and obesity. Objectives: Impact assessment of MUN-SI program on the nutritional status, on attitudes and behaviors regarding diet, on knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and on physical activity, of children aged 6 to 10 years, between 2008 and 2018, in the municipality of Oeiras. Methodology: MUN-SI intervenes through a matrix of 3 parameters: to promote healthy eating habits according to the selected theme, to promote regular physical activity, and to assess the nutritional status of children in primary schools, after the intervention. The playful-educational intervention classroom sessions were implemented by trained nutritionists and included: initial diagnosis and awareness of the theme, motivational intervention and evaluation of the program with active family participation. Eating behaviors and physical activity were assessed using a family questionnaire. Child nutritional status was classified according to World Health Organization, 2007 criteria. Results: There was a positive behavioral change in the preference for including fruit and vegetables in home brought to school lunches (+ 2.3% in 2015/2016) and at breakfast (+ 16% in 2014/2015 and + 11.9% in 2017/2018). The acquisition of knowledge about the Mediterranean Diet was observed in + 12.1% to 21.1% of the children, between 2016 and 2019 and the adherence to Mediterranean Diet increased in 20,9% of the children in 2006/2017. There was an increase in regular physical activity (11 to 15%) and a reduction of 11, 2% in the prevalence of overweight (35.5% to 24.3%) and 10.3% of obesity (16.7% to 6.4%) (p <0.005), during the decade of the study. Conclusions: The results of MUN-SI program suggest that integrated, multidisciplinary community-based programs on a continuous basis, at local level, have an effect on the adoption of healthier lifestyles by school age children and on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity.
Introduction: In Portugal, obesity is the most prevalent disease in childhood, with 1 in every 3 children being overweight, although in the last decade it has been showing a downward trend. Ongoing, community-based programs at local level seem to respond effectively to this problem. MUN-SI emerged in 2008 as a program to promote child health in municipalities with the aim of interactively tackle childhood overweight and obesity. Objectives: Impact assessment of MUN-SI program on the nutritional status, on attitudes and behaviors regarding diet, on knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and on physical activity, of children aged 6 to 10 years, between 2008 and 2018, in the municipality of Oeiras. Methodology: MUN-SI intervenes through a matrix of 3 parameters: to promote healthy eating habits according to the selected theme, to promote regular physical activity, and to assess the nutritional status of children in primary schools, after the intervention. The playful-educational intervention classroom sessions were implemented by trained nutritionists and included: initial diagnosis and awareness of the theme, motivational intervention and evaluation of the program with active family participation. Eating behaviors and physical activity were assessed using a family questionnaire. Child nutritional status was classified according to World Health Organization, 2007 criteria. Results: There was a positive behavioral change in the preference for including fruit and vegetables in home brought to school lunches (+ 2.3% in 2015/2016) and at breakfast (+ 16% in 2014/2015 and + 11.9% in 2017/2018). The acquisition of knowledge about the Mediterranean Diet was observed in + 12.1% to 21.1% of the children, between 2016 and 2019 and the adherence to Mediterranean Diet increased in 20,9% of the children in 2006/2017. There was an increase in regular physical activity (11 to 15%) and a reduction of 11, 2% in the prevalence of overweight (35.5% to 24.3%) and 10.3% of obesity (16.7% to 6.4%) (p <0.005), during the decade of the study. Conclusions: The results of MUN-SI program suggest that integrated, multidisciplinary community-based programs on a continuous basis, at local level, have an effect on the adoption of healthier lifestyles by school age children and on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity.
Description
Keywords
Obesidade Infantil Municípios Programa de Base Escolar Programa de Nutrição e Saúde Comunitária Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde Portugal Childhood Obesity Municipalities School-Based Program Nutrition And Health Community Program
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição. 2020;21:50-56.
Publisher
Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição