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- Seroprevalence of Specific SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies during Omicron BA.5 Wave, Portugal, April-June 2022Publication . Kislaya, Irina; Melo, Aryse; Barreto, Marta; Henriques, Camila; Aniceto, Carlos; Manita, Carla; Ramalhete, Sara; Santos, João Almeida; Soeiro, Sofia; Rodrigues, Ana PaulaAfter the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 Omicron lineage in Portugal, we developed a seroepidemiologic survey based on a sample of 3,825 residents. Results indicated that from April 27 through June 8, 2022, the estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid or spike IgG was 95.8%, which indicates a high level of protection.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Autumn and Winter 2022 to 2023 Among Older EuropeansPublication . Laniece Delaunay, Charlotte; Mazagatos, Clara; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Túri, Gergő; Goerlitz, Luise; Domegan, Lisa; Meijer, Adam; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Sève, Noémie; Ilić, Maja; Latorre-Margalef, Neus; Lazar, Mihaela; Maurel, Marine; Melo, Aryse; Andreu Ivorra, Blanca; Casado, Itziar; Horváth, Judit Krisztina; Buda, Silke; Bennett, Charlene; de Lange, Marit; Guiomar, Raquel; Enouf, Vincent; Mlinarić, Ivan; Samuelsson Hagey, Tove; Dinu, Sorin; Rumayor, Mercedes; Castilla, Jesús; Oroszi, Beatrix; Dürrwald, Ralf; O’Donnell, Joan; Hooiveld, Mariëtte; Gómez, Verónica; Falchi, Alessandra; Kurečić Filipović, Sanja; Dillner, Lena; Popescu, Rodica; Bacci, Sabrina; Kaczmarek, Marlena; Kissling, Esther; Gallardo García, Virtudes; Perez Morilla, Esteban; Pedrosa Corral, Irene; García Vázquez, Miriam; Milagro-Beamonte, Ana; Fernandez Ibañez, Ana; Margolles Martins, Mario; Giménez Duran, Jaume; Sastre Palou, Bartolomé; López Causapé, Carla; Viloria Raymundo, Luis Javier; Vega Alonso, Tomás; Ordax Díez, Ana; Lozano Alonso, Jose Eugenio; Rojo Bello, Silvia; Mendioroz, Jacobo; Basile, Luca; Martínez Mateo, Ana Isabel; Ruiz de Porras, Carlota; Moya Garcés, Alba; Marcos, Mª Ángeles; López Maside, Aurora; Botella Quijal, Francesc; Miralles Espi, Maite; Andreu Salete, Cristina; García Rodríguez, María del Carmen; Linares, Juan Antonio; García Comas, Luis; Barranco, Mª Isabel; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Moreno Docón, Antonio; Ramos Marín, Violeta; Castrillejo, Daniel; Gómez Anés, Atanasio; Larrauro, Amparo; Pérez-Gimeno, Gloria; Lozano Álvarez, Marcos; Vega, Lorena; Galindo, Silvia; Puma, Tania; Monge, Susana; Pozo, Francisco; Casas, Inmaculada; Sandonis, Virginia; Vázquez-Morón, Sonia; Echeverría, Aitziber; Trobajo-Sanmartín, Camino; García Cenoz, Manuel; Ezpeleta, Guillermo; Ezpeleta, Carmen; Navascués, Ana; Krisztalovics, Katalin; Mucsányiné Juhász, Krisztina; Kristóf, Katalin; Preuss, Ute; Wedde, Marianne; Biere, Barbara; Reiche, Janine; Oh, Djin-Ye; McKenna, Adele; Connell, Jeff; Joyce, Michael; Bagheri, Mariam; Bos, Sanne; van den Brink, Sharon; Dijkstra, Frederika; Eggink, Dirk; van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Rianne; Goderski, Gabriel; Herrebrugh, Chantal; Jenniskens, Liz; Reukers, Daphne; Sluimer, John; Sprong, Tara; Teirlinck, Anne; Veldhijzen, Nienke; van der Burgh, Ruben; Kager, Cathrien; Klinkhamer, Mayra; Knottnerus, Bart; Riethof, Marloes; van den Broek, Ruud; Wortel, Safira; Machado, Ausenda; Kislaya, Irina; Aniceto, Carlos; Gomes, Licínia; Verdasca, Nuno; Henriques, Camila; Dias, Daniela; Lança, Miguel; Blanchon, Thierry; Guerrisi, Caroline; Renard, Aubane; Launay, Titouan; Masse, Shirley; Chazelle, Marie; Ferenčak, Ivana; Kaić, Bernard; Višekruna Vučina, Vesna; Čusek Adamić, Katica; Kosanović Ličina, Mirjana Lana; Lakošeljac, Danijela; Mihin Huskić, Ivana; Nonković, Diana; Carnahan, Annasara; Hansson-Pihlainen, Eva; Arvesen, Elin; Nid, Nora; Hansen, Anna-Lena; Andersson, Emmi; Dillner, Lena; Jidovu, Adrian; Timnea, Olivia Carmen; Pascu, Cătălina; Oprea, Mihaela; Bistriceanu, Iulia; Ivanciuc, Alina; Mihai, Maria Elena; VEBIS Primary Care Vaccine Effectiveness GroupKey Points: - Question: What was the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines administered in autumn and winter 2022 to 2023 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among people aged 60 years or older in Europe, and how did different exposed or reference groups affect effectiveness? - Findings: In this case-control study of 9308 primary care patients at 11 European sites, within 3 months of vaccination, all COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) estimates were 29% to 39% against SARS-CoV-2 viruses and 44% to 52% against the XBB variants. All point estimates decreased by time after vaccination, with no vaccine protection after 6 months. - Meaning: Findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 vaccination campaigns should precede peaks in SARS-CoV-2 incidence and that effectiveness of new vaccines against emerging variants should be continually monitored using seasonal CVE approaches.
- Nirsevimab effectiveness against hospitalised Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in Portugal, 2024/25 seasonPublication . Gaio, Vânia; Valadas Henriques, Camila; Lança, Miguel; Machado, Ausenda; Guiomar, Raquel; Rodrigues, Ana PaulaBackground: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in younger children. In mainland Portugal, in order to reduce the risk of severe RSV post-infection complications, an immunisation strategy using Nirsevimab was implemented starting in October 2024, targeting all children aged less than 3 months, and those with high-risk conditions less than 24 months. We conducted a test-negative case-control study using the national hospital-based RSV surveillance network to estimate Nirsevimab effectiveness (NE). Methods: This multicentre study included children aged under 24 months hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection in 14 hospitals. Cases were defined as children testing positive for RSV by RT-PCR or rapid antigen test (RAT), while controls tested negative. Immunisation status was obtained from electronic medical records. NE was estimated using logistic regression and estimated as (1 – adjusted odds ratio of immunisation) × 100, adjusting for age group, sex, month of symptom onset date, low birth weight, prematurity, and chronic conditions. Results: Between weeks 40/2024 and 12/2025, we included 111 cases and 110 controls. The median age for both groups was 2 months (IQR: 1–4). 44 (39.6%) RSV-positive and 80 (72.7%) RSV-negative infants received Nirsevimab at least 2 days before symptom onset. No significant differences were observed between cases and controls regarding sex or medical conditions. NE against RSV-associated hospitalisation was 85% (95% CI: 66–94) in the target population. Sensitivity analysis restricted to RT-PCR-confirmed cases yielded similar results. Conclusions: During the first immunisation season in mainland Portugal, Nirsevimab conferred good protection against the most severe presentation of RSV infection in young children. Our results are aligned with those reported in other countries. Given the potential for viral evolution following the introduction of universal immunisation programmes, ongoing monitoring of NE is warranted.
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among hospital healthcare workers in comparison with the general population, 2021-2022Publication . Gaio, Vânia; Amaral, Palmira; Santos, Ana João; Henriques, Camila; Valadas Henriques, Camila; Guiomar, Raquel; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Machado, AusendaBackground/Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are essential as frontline responders during infectious disease health emergencies. Protecting them is crucial to ensure their health, maintain continuous patient care, and prevent transmission to patients. This study aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence trend among HCWs from a Portuguese hospital cohort between May 2021 and June 2022. It also aimed to compare it with the seroprevalence trend in the general population aged 40-49. Additionally, the characterization of HCWs with seroconversion was performed based on their positivity for anti-nucleocapsid (Anti-N) IgG antibodies. Methods: As part of a vaccine effectiveness study, HCWs were screened for anti-RBD/Spike IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in three time points: May–July 2021, September-November 2021, and May–June 2022. At the last moment, Anti-N IgG antibodies were also assessed. To compare with data on the general population, we used results from three National Serological Surveys (NSS) phases (February–March 2021, September–November 2021, and April–June 2022) focusing on the 40–49 age group, the most representative among HCW. HCW characteristics were compared according to anti-N IgG seropositivity using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming a significance level of 0.05. Results: HCWs screening at the 3 moments included 909, 474, and 67 individuals respectively with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 86%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. These seroprevalences were similar to those found in the Portuguese general population, except for the first period (86% versus 18.8% in the general population, age group 40-49 years). At the last moment, the post-infection seroprevalence (anti-N IgG antibodies) was higher among HCWs than in the general population (41% versus 27%). A lower age and direct contact with COVID-19 patients were associated with anti-N IgG antibody positivity. Conclusions/Recommendations: The increasing trend of seroprevalence among HCWs follows the same trend in the general population. Although the time points differ, in the first moment, higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was probably linked to priority vaccine uptake. In the third moment, the higher post-infection seroprevalence among HCWs suggests a raised exposure and infection incidence in HCWs following the Omicron wave. Given the decline in COVID-19 vaccination coverage among HCWs in the post-pandemic period, ongoing monitoring of seroprevalence and COVID-19 infection rates in this group remains crucial.