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- Nanomaterials safety assessment: contribution from the Portuguese National Institute of Health (INSA) researchPublication . Albuquerque, José MariaThe National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) is a public organization of the Portuguese Ministry of Health, which develops a triple role as State Laboratory in the health sector, National Reference Laboratory and National Health Observatory. All operative units composing the departments develop multidisciplinary programs in problem areas of Public Health, namely performing R&D, health monitoring, training, laboratory external quality assessment and general health services. INSA has been successful in leading and being partner of national and transnational research projects and initiatives in the nanosafety field.
- Development of a new computer program to assess food consumption in Portuguese school-age children: a qualitative approach for identifying food itemsPublication . Carvalho, Maria Ana; Santos, Osvaldo; Rito, Ana Isabel; Pereira Miguel, JoséIntroduction: Food and nutrition are important determinants of non-communicable diseases such as childhood obesity. Understanding how to prevent this major public health problem remains a research question and the design of potentially effective interventions is hampered by the general lack of good-quality data. There is no validated method available to assess food and nutrition intake in school age Portuguese children. A new engaging method for assessing food and nutrition intake of school age Portuguese children (7-10 years old) is currently being developed, based on a self-administered computerized 24-Hour Recall questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to select and identify questionnaire food items through a qualitative approach. Methods: 21 Focus Group were conducted in seven primary schools from the seven geographic regions of Portugal. The focus group were homogeneous for age (7 years, n=70; 8 years, n= 61; 9 years; n=73) and area of residence but heterogeneous for sex, social-economic and nutritional status. Children participated in focus group after parent’s written informed consent and school authorization. The focus group were moderated by Nutritionists and/or Psychologists. Topics for discussion were: (a) food consumption on the previous day; (b) problems regarding to the reporting consumption on the previous day; (c) comprehension of some food items; (d) food preferences. Focus group were audio-recorded and transcribed. The content analysis followed a thematic coding process. Results: Main meals, such as breakfast, lunch and dinner were generally easier to remember than secondary meals such as snacks. Children tended to underreport the consumption of candies (either due to social desirability or to recall bias) and seem to remind better the consumption of this type of foods when there was a recall link between previous-day activities and food exposure/consumption. Overall, 4172 food items were identified and grouped into the following groups: 1) Grains (1147), 2) Diary (631), 3) Meat/seafood/eggs (578), 4) Drinks (451), 5) Vegetables (383), 6) Fruits (308), 7) Fats (150), 8) Beans and peas (25) and 9) Others (499). Regarding to drinks, 61.4% of the items correspond to soft drinks. Conclusion: This study proved the utility of the focus group methodology to obtain qualitative data about dietary intakes of children in the immediate past (24 hours). The identified items included both items that were part of previous checklists from other countries and many new items that are local-context specific. This pool of items will be used for building up the self-administered computerized 24-Hour Recall questionnaire.
- The development and validation of a novel computer program to assess food and nutrition intake in Portuguese schoolchildrenPublication . Carvalho, Maria Ana; Pereira Miguel, José; Rito, Ana IsabelIntroduction: Food and nutrition are important determinants of non-communicable diseases such as childhood obesity which is a public health priority. Understanding how to prevent it remains a research question. However the design of potentially effective interventions is hampered by the general lack of good-quality data available. There is no validated methodology available to assess food and nutrition intake in school age Portuguese children. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate, for the first time in Portugal, a novel engaging method of assessing food and nutrition intake of school age Portuguese children. Methods: A self-administered computerized 24-Hour Recall questionnaire will be designed to 7-10 years-old Portuguese children. The research will have the following chronological developmental phases: 1) Questionnaire food items selection and psychometric tests (reliability and validity tests) and 2) Pilot study (two days of dietary intake will be evaluated because one administration of the 24-Hour Recall is of little use in estimating children’s usual energy and nutritional intake). Results (expected): Developmental of a novel, valid and engaging method of assessing food and nutrition intake, set within a user-friendly interface and the collection of valid information about food and nutritional intake of school age Portuguese children. Conclusion: The design and implementation of this study will be an essential prerequisite for monitoring the nutritional status of school age Portuguese children as well as will lead to perform several epidemiological researches on the links between diet and health, which help develop sound public health policy, direct and design health programs.