DGH - Livros científicos
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Browsing DGH - Livros científicos by Subject "Cancer"
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- p53 in Cancer and beyond - 40 Years after Its DiscoveryPublication . Candeias, Marco M.; Ohki, RiekoThe “p53 team” dictates cell fate and sacrifices cell life as demanded, for the greater good of the organism. The p53 team consists of its close family (p53, p63, and p73 genes), a varied number of isoforms, and a plethora of downstream target genes. Together they control cell stemness, division, chromosome integrity, epigenetics, differentiation, senescence and death; response to stress, infection and disease; reproduction, immunity, metabolism, and regeneration. As a consequence, p53 team function is central to our lives, from birth and development to aging and life span in both health and disease. Forty years after its discovery, we aim to cover important and new aspects of p53 and its team, not only in cancer, but in all the diversity of p53-dependent activities. Authors are invited to review recent work or submit original research in all areas of recent and current p53 research, with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms.
- Talc and AcrylonitrilePublication . IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to HumansThis volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of talc and acrylonitrile. Talc was defined as mineral (natural) or synthetic product, a hydrated magnesium silicate, that exists in both lamellar and fibrous (including asbestiform) types. Asbestiform talc is not asbestos; however, asbestos is present in some talc deposits and has been shown to contaminate some talc products. A mineral with a high production volume, talc is used in plastics, ceramics, paint, paper, roofing materials, rubber products, animal feed, food, fertilizers, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in clinical settings for pleurodesis. Occupational exposure to talc dust occurs predominantly during mining and milling, mainly via inhalation, but can also occur among workers in downstream industries. The general population may be exposed via talc-based consumer products, and pathways of exposure include ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, including via the perineum. Acrylonitrile is a chemical with a high production volume that is mostly used as a monomer to prepare polymers for the manufacture of fibres for textiles (acrylic fibres) used in clothing and carpets and other textiles, resins, synthetic rubber, and plastics. Occupational exposure occurs mainly in production industries via inhalation and dermal routes. The general population can be exposed to acrylonitrile via cigarette smoking, air pollution, and contact with contaminated consumer products. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed evidence from epidemiological studies, cancer bioassays in experimental animals, and mechanistic studies to assess the carcinogenic hazard to humans of exposure to these agents and concluded that: - Talc is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A); - Acrylonitrile is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).
- The mRNA Metabolism in Human DiseasePublication . Romão, LuísaIntroduction: The eukaryotic gene expression pathway involves a number of interlinked steps, with messenger RNA (mRNA) being the key intermediate. The precursor mRNA is transcribed from DNA, processed by removal of introns and addition of the cap structure and the poly(A) tail. The mature mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein and finally degraded. In this process, mRNA is associated with RNA-binding proteins forming ribonucleoprotein complexes, whose protein content evolves throughout the lifetime of the mRNA. While the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression allows the production of proteins to be controlled at many levels, it also makes the process vulnerable to errors. Although eukaryotic cells have evolved elaborate mRNA quality control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of gene expression, some defects are not detected, thus affecting mRNA metabolism. This condition plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several disease processes, such as neurodegeneration and oncogenesis. Besides, exciting recent data have shown that cellular RNAs can be modified post-transcriptionally via dynamic and reversible chemical modifications, the so-called epitranscriptome. These modifications can alter mRNA structure, being able to modulate different steps of the mRNA metabolism that can be associated with various human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. This book provides a collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to define the pathophysiological consequences of altered mRNA metabolism events in human cells, and is written for a wide spectrum of readers in the field of gene expression regulation. The last chapter highlights how the discovery of disease-causing defects (or modifications) in mRNA can provide a variety of therapeutic targets that can be used for the development of new RNA-based therapeutics. Hopefully, it may also contribute to inspire the drug-developing scientific community.