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- The vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and Multiple Sclerosis in a Northern Portuguese populationPublication . Bettencourt, Andreia; Boleixa, Daniela; Guimarães, Ana Luísa; Leal, Bárbara; Carvalho, Cláudia; Brás, Sandra; Samões, Raquel; Santos, Ernestina; Costa, Paulo Pinho; Silva, Berta; da Silva, Ana MartinsThe cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood, but it is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease occurring in genetically susceptible individuals after exposure to as-yet undefined environmental factors. One of these environmental factors is vitamin D, a well-known immune modulator. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, has been shown to exert its immune modulatory properties through its nuclear receptor (VDR) namely by inhibiting the proliferation of Th cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of FokI VDR polymorphism in MS development and progression.