Browsing by Author "Schoeters, Greet"
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- Harmonization of Human Biomonitoring Studies in Europe: Characteristics of the HBM4EU-Aligned Studies ParticipantsPublication . Gilles, Liese; Govarts, Eva; Rodriguez Martin, Laura; Andersson, Anna-Maria; Appenzeller, Brice M.R.; Barbone, Fabio; Castano, Argelia; Coertjens, Dries; Den Hond, Elly; Dzhedzheia, Vazha; Eržen, Ivan; Esteban, Marta; Fábelová, Lucia; Fillol, Clémence; Franken, Carmen; Frederiksen, Hanne; Gabriel, Catherine; Haug, Line Småstuen; Horvat, Milena; Halldórsson, Thórhallur Ingi; Janasik, Beata; Holcer, Nataša Janev; Kakucs, Réka; Karakitsios, Spyros; Katsonouri, Andromachi; Klánová, Jana; Kold-Jensen, Tina; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Konstantinou, Corina; Koponen, Jani; Lignell, Sanna; Lindroos, Anna Karin; Makris, Konstantinos C.; Mazej, Darja; Morrens, Bert; Murínová, Ľubica Palkovičová; Namorado, Sónia; Pedraza-Diaz, Susana; Peisker, Jasmin; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Rambaud, Loïc; Rosolen, Valentina; Rucic, Enrico; Rüther, Maria; Sarigiannis, Dimosthenis; Tratnik, Janja Snoj; Standaert, Arnout; Stewart, Lorraine; Szigeti, Tamás; Thomsen, Cathrine; Tolonen, Hanna; Eiríksdóttir, Ása; Van Nieuwenhuyse, An; Verheyen, Veerle J.; Vlaanderen, Jelle; Vogel, Nina; Wasowicz, Wojciech; Weber, Till; Zock, Jan-Paul; Sepai, Ovnair; Schoeters, GreetHuman biomonitoring has become a pivotal tool for supporting chemicals’ policies. It provides information on real-life human exposures and is increasingly used to prioritize chemicals of health concern and to evaluate the success of chemical policies. Europe has launched the ambitious REACH program in 2007 to improve the protection of human health and the environment. In October 2020 the EU commission published its new chemicals strategy for sustainability towards a toxic-free environment. The European Parliament called upon the commission to collect human biomonitoring data to support chemical’s risk assessment and risk management. This manuscript describes the organization of the first HBM4EU-aligned studies that obtain comparable human biomonitoring (HBM) data of European citizens to monitor their internal exposure to environmental chemicals. The HBM4EU-aligned studies build on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies. The HBM4EU-aligned studies focus on three age groups: children, teenagers, and adults. The participants are recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11 to 12 primary sampling units that are geographically distributed across Europe. Urine samples are collected in all age groups, and blood samples are collected in children and teenagers. Auxiliary information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, health status, environment, and diet is collected using questionnaires. In total, biological samples from 3137 children aged 6–12 years are collected for the analysis of biomarkers for phthalates, HEXAMOLL® DINCH, and flame retardants. Samples from 2950 teenagers aged 12–18 years are collected for the analysis of biomarkers for phthalates, Hexamoll® DINCH, and per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and samples from 3522 adults aged 20–39 years are collected for the analysis of cadmium, bisphenols, and metabolites of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The children’s group consists of 50.4% boys and 49.5% girls, of which 44.1% live in cities, 29.0% live in towns/suburbs, and 26.8% live in rural areas. The teenagers’ group includes 50.6% girls and 49.4% boys, with 37.7% of residents in cities, 31.2% in towns/suburbs, and 30.2% in rural areas. The adult group consists of 52.6% women and 47.4% men, 71.9% live in cities, 14.2% in towns/suburbs, and only 13.4% live in rural areas. The study population approaches the characteristics of the general European population based on age-matched EUROSTAT EU-28, 2017 data; however, individuals who obtained no to lower educational level (ISCED 0–2) are under represented. The data on internal human exposure to priority chemicals from this unique cohort will provide a baseline for Europe’s strategy towards a non-toxic environment and challenges and recommendations to improve the sampling frame for future EU-wide HBM surveys are discussed.
- HBM4EU - Deliverable Report D 6.2. Revised set of key indicatorsPublication . Reynders, Hans; Van Campenhout, Karen; Mampaey, Maja; Gilles, Liese; Colles, Ann; Baken, Kirsten; Bessems, Jos; Schoeters, Greet; Ay, Derya; Lobo Vicente, Joana; Ganzleben, Catherine; Isidro, Glória; Louro, Henriqueta; Silva, Maria João; Uhl, Maria; Ubong, Dorothy; Sepai, Ovnair; Tarroja, Elena; Persoz, Charles; Barouki, Robert; Kobosil, Nicole; David, Madlen; Appel, Petra; Kolossa, Marike; Coertjens, Dries; Crabbé, Ann; Loots, Ilse; Covaci, Adrian; Antignac, Jean-Philippe; Debrauwer, Laurent; Fernandez, Mariana; Berglund, Marika; Blaha, Ludek; Esteban López, Marta; Scheepers, Paul; Tolonen, Hanna; Nørager., SofieThe current deliverable describes the process of revision of the first list of indicators (published in June 2017 as D6.1.) and presents the indicator leaflets ((see attachment 1) that link key results of HBM4EU to the objectives of the project as laid down in the description of action. These indicator leaflets already contain a lot of results on the revised list of indicators, and give very valuable information on the progress of HBM4EU in relation to the specific goals of the project. Combining the information from these leaflets in the frame of expected impacts will allow us to put forward conclusions towards impact and sustainability of HBM4EU. As such, this restructured list answers to the main comments on the first list of indicators from the task 6.5 partners, the Management Board, the Governing Board and the EU Policy Board, in concretu to: • Drastically reduce the number of indicators from 48 indicators (including 9 internal indicators) on the first list to 28 indicators on the revised list without losing essential information. Moreover by bundling related indicators we now have 22 indicator leaflets (and 1 overview leaflet); • Make the relationship between the indicators and the goals of HBM4EU more clear by structuring the list of indicators according to the overarching objectives and specific goals; • Use the indicators to say something about the impact of the HBM4EU project: the indicator leaflets were used to give input for the impact section of the periodic technical reporting 2018 to describe the progress made for the 5 expected impacts of HBM4EU. This exercise will be continued and ameliorated in the 2019 periodic technical reporting as more indicator leaflets will be available compared to 2018; • Link the indicators with the work on sustainability of HBM in Europe: the indicators were presented at the sustainability workshop in Paris. Participants indicated that they think the leaflets will be useful for institutional discussions, national hub meetings, meetings with policy makers and other meetings and that they would like to use them as soon as they are available. The added value of having indicators of success, is to monitor the implementation and achieved impact of HBM4EU. This will allow for a more efficient tracking of achieved goals. This deliverable will help to further optimize and revise the first set of indicators to monitor the implementation of the HBM4EU and the achieved impact. The indicators of success are written in a clear language, they are concise and capture the main achievements in the list of indicators that has been agreed amongst the partners. Therefore, they can be easily used by all partners across the consortium, the EU Policy Board and our HBM4EU ambassador Thomas Jackl.
- How to use human biomonitoring in chemical risk assessment: Methodological aspects, recommendations, and lessons learned from HBM4EUPublication . Santonen, Tiina; Mahiout, Selma; Alvito, Paula; Apel, Petra; Bessems, Jos; Bil, Wieneke; Borges, Teresa; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Buekers, Jurgen; Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel; Calvo, Argelia Castaño; de Alba González, Mercedes; Domínguez-Morueco, Noelia; López, Marta Esteban; Falnoga, Ingrid; Gerofke, Antje; Caballero, María del Carmen González; Horvat, Milena; Huuskonen, Pasi; Kadikis, Normunds; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lange, Rosa; Louro, Henriqueta; Martins, Carla; Meslin, Matthieu; Niemann, Lars; Díaz, Susana Pedraza; Plichta, Veronika; Porras, Simo P.; Rousselle, Christophe; Scholten, Bernice; Silva, Maria João; Šlejkovec, Zdenka; Tratnik, Janja Snoj; Joksić, Agnes Šömen; Tarazona, Jose V.; Uhl, Maria; Van Nieuwenhuyse, An; Viegas, Susana; Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Woutersen, Marjolijn; Schoeters, GreetThe need for such information is pressing, as previous research has indicated that regulatory risk assessors generally lack knowledge and experience of the use of HBM data in RA. By recognising this gap in expertise, as well as the added value of incorporating HBM data into RA, this paper aims to support the integration of HBM into regulatory RA. Based on the work of the HBM4EU, we provide examples of different approaches to including HBM in RA and in estimations of the environmental burden of disease (EBoD), the benefits and pitfalls involved, information on the important methodological aspects to consider, and recommendations on how to overcome obstacles. The examples are derived from RAs or EBoD estimations made under the HBM4EU for the following HBM4EU priority substances: acrylamide, o-toluidine of the aniline family, aprotic solvents, arsenic, bisphenols, cadmium, diisocyanates, flame retardants, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], lead, mercury, mixture of per-/polyfluorinated compounds, mixture of pesticides, mixture of phthalates, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the UV-filter benzophenone-3. Although the RA and EBoD work presented here is not intended to have direct regulatory implications, the results can be useful for raising awareness of possibly needed policy actions, as newly generated HBM data from HBM4EU on the current exposure of the EU population has been used in many RAs and EBoD estimations.
- Human biomonitoring in health risk assessment in Europe: current practices and recommendations for the futurePublication . Louro, Henriqueta; Heinälä, Milla; Bessems, Jos; Buekers, Jurgen; Vermeire, Theo; Woutersen, Marjolijn; van Engelen, Jacqueline; Borges, Teresa; Rousselle, Christophe; Ougier, Eva; Alvito, Paula; Martins, Carla; Assunção, Ricardo; Silva, Maria João; Pronk, Anjoeka; Schaddelee-Scholten, Bernice; Del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria; de Alba, Mercedes; Castaño, Argelia; Viegas, Susana; Humar-Juric, Tatjana; Kononenko, Lijana; Lampen, Alfonso; Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Schoeters, Greet; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Santonen, TiinaHuman biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool to survey the internal exposure of humans which represents the real life chemical body burden to chemicals and/or their metabolites. It results from total exposure to chemical substances from different sources and via different routes. These substances may be regulated under different legislative frameworks on chemicals (e.g., environmental, occupational, food safety etc). In occupational health, HBM has long traditions to control the exposures at workplaces. By providing accurate data on internal exposure, HBM data can improve human health risk assessment (RA) for both the general population and workers. Although the past few years have shown good examples on the use of HBM in the RA of chemicals, there is still quite some work to be done to improve its use in a regulatory RA. Under the scope of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (project HBM4EU, 2017-2021), the current study reviews the state-of-the-art of HBM use in chemicals RA with a special focus in Europe, and attempts to identify hurdles and challenges faced by regulators. To gather information on the use of HBM, including the availability of guidance on how to use it in RA, the RA schemes applied by different European or international organizations were analysed. Examples of such use were identified for a few selected groups of chemicals of concern for human health. In addition, we present the results of a survey, aimed at collecting information from national regulatory risk assessors on their day-to-day RA practices, the use of HBM data, and the obstacles and challenges related to their use. The results evidenced and explained some of the current obstacles of using HBM data in RA. These included the lack of HBM guidance values or biomonitoring equivalents (BEs), limited toxicokinetic information to support the interpretation of HBM data and, in the occupational health and safety (OSH) field, the lack of legal enforcement. Therefore, to support the integration of HBM in regulatory RA, we recommend, on one hand, the elaboration of a EU level guidance on the use of HBM in RA and, on the other hand, the continuation of research efforts to integrate HBM with new RA approaches using in vitro/in silico data and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs).
- Implementation of effect biomarkers in human biomonitoring studies: A systematic approach synergizing toxicological and epidemiological knowledgePublication . Rodríguez-Carrillo, Andrea; Mustieles, Vicente; Salamanca-Fernández, Elena; Olivas-Martínez, Alicia; Suárez, Beatriz; Bajard, Lola; Baken, Kirsten; Blaha, Ludek; Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva Cecilie; Couderq, Stephan; D'Cruz, Shereen Cynthia; Fini, Jean-Baptiste; Govarts, Eva; Gundacker, Claudia; Hernández, Antonio F.; Lacasaña, Marina; Laguzzi, Federica; Linderman, Birgitte; Long, Manhai; Louro, Henriqueta; Neophytou, Christiana; Oberemn, Axel; Remy, Sylvie; Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine; Saber, Anne Thoustrup; Schoeters, Greet; Silva, Maria João; Smagulova, Fatima; Uhl, Maria; Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Vogel, Ulla; Wielsøe, Maria; Olea, Nicolás; Fernández, Mariana F.Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have highlighted widespread daily exposure to environmental chemicals. Some of these are suspected to contribute to adverse health outcomes such as reproductive, neurological, and metabolic disorders, among other developmental and chronic impairments. One of the objectives of the H2020 European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) was the development of informative effect biomarkers for application in a more systematic and harmonized way in large-scale European HBM studies. The inclusion of effect biomarkers would complement exposure data with mechanistically-based information on early and late adverse effects. For this purpose, a stepwise strategy was developed to identify and implement a panel of validated effect biomarkers in European HBM studies. This work offers an overview of the complete procedure followed, from comprehensive literature search strategies, selection of criteria for effect biomarkers and their classification and prioritization, based on toxicological data and adverse outcomes, to pilot studies for their analytical, physiological, and epidemiological validation. We present the example of one study that demonstrated the mediating role of the effect biomarker status of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF in the longitudinal association between infant bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and behavioral function in adolescence. A panel of effect biomarkers has been implemented in the HBM4EU Aligned Studies as main outcomes, including traditional oxidative stress, reproductive, and thyroid hormone biomarkers. Novel biomarkers of effect, such as DNA methylation status of BDNF and kisspeptin (KISS) genes were also evaluated as molecular markers of neurological and reproductive health, respectively. A panel of effect biomarkers has also been applied in HBM4EU occupational studies, such as micronucleus analysis in lymphocytes and reticulocytes, whole blood comet assay, and malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine and untargeted metabolomic profile in urine, to investigate, for example, biological changes in response to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) exposure. The use of effect biomarkers in HBM4EU has demonstrated their ability to detect early biological effects of chemical exposure and to identify subgroups that are at higher risk. The roadmap developed in HBM4EU confirms the utility of effect biomarkers, and support one of the main objectives of HBM research, which is to link exposure biomarkers to mechanistically validated effect and susceptibility biomarkers in order to better understand the public health implications of human exposure to environmental chemicals.
- Urinary cotinine levels and environmental tobacco smoke in mothers and children of Romania, Portugal and Poland within the European human biomonitoring pilot studyPublication . Lupsa, Ioana-Rodica; Nunes, Baltazar; Ligocka, Danuta; Elena Gurzau, Anca; Jakubowski, Marek; Casteleyn, Ludwine; Aerts, Dominique; Biot, Pierre; Den Hond, Elly; Castaño, Argelia; Esteban, Marta; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Knudsen, Lisbeth E.; Schoeters, Greet; Fátima Reis, M.The aim of this study was to explore data from the DEMOCOPHES study population for Romania, Portugal and Poland, in order to assess smoking patterns and the extent of ETS exposure and compare the national study samples with reference to the respective anti-smoking laws. The subset of the DEMOCOPHES study sample consisted of 360 children and their mothers (120 in each of the three countries - Romania (RO), Portugal (PT) and Poland (PL). Smoking was assessed using a detailed questionnaire for the participants, which addresses both active and passive smoking. This assessment uses exposure-relevant questionnaire data, in particular on the home environment and residence, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle such as nutrition, smoking behavior, other exposure-relevant behavior and occupational history, as well as urinary cotinine and creatinine measurements. We performed general statistical analysis and innovative receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Smoking prevalence as evaluated by the questionnaire was generally high, and higher than official statistics, which suggests some under-reporting in the countries, particularly in Romania. Urinary cotinine levels provided biochemical confirmation of the high and similar smoking prevalence for the three countries. Concerning ETS exposure, Romania presented significantly higher levels, for children as well as for non-smoking mothers, with Portugal showing significantly lower levels. Compared to non-smoking mothers, the children showed relatively higher ETS exposure levels in all three countries. The established country-specific optimal cut-off values in urinary cotinine to distinguish smokers from non-smokers vary more than those to discriminate ETS exposure extent in non-smoking mothers and children. Although different between countries, these values are a valuable output to monitor effectiveness of both national antismoking laws and educational programs in the three countries. The findings of this study point to the urgent need for stronger, more effective and well enforced smoke-free legislation in the three countries.
- Utilização de biomonitorização humana para avaliação da exposição a cádmio na população portuguesaPublication . Alberto, Ana Rita; Coelho, Inês; Delgado, Inês; Gueifão, Sandra; Ventura, Marta; Silva, Susana; Tratnik, Janja Snoj; Govarts, Eva; Schoeters, Greet; Namorado, SóniaO cádmio é um metal pesado tóxico e carcinogénico, que representa uma ameaça séria para a saúde humana. A população geral pode encontrar-se exposta ao cádmio por diversas vias e o estudo INSEF-ExpoQuim visou caracterizar a exposição da população portuguesa adulta (28-39 anos ) a este agente químico através de um estudo transversal. Este estudo incluiu 295 indivíduos, os quais reponderam a um questionário (dados sociodemográficos, de estilos de vida e possíveis vias de exposição ) e facultaram uma amostra de urina para quantificação de cádmio por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivo acoplado ( ICP- -MS ). Observou-se uma média geométrica de 0,092 μg Cd/g creatinina [ IC ( 95%): 0,084-0,101 ], apresentando as mulheres valores mais elevados ( 0,103 vs 0,079 ), bem como os fumadores ( 0,135 vs 0,081).