Percorrer por autor "Rab, Gerhard"
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- Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinically Relevant Bacteria Isolated at the Human/Animal/Environment Interface Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in AustriaPublication . Cabal, Adriana; Rab, Gerhard; Daza-Prieto, Beatriz; Stöger, Anna; Peischl, Nadine; Chakeri, Ali; Mo, Solveig Sølverød; Bock, Harald; Fuchs, Klemens; Sucher, Jasmin; Rathammer, Krista; Hasenberger, Petra; Stadtbauer, Silke; Caniça, Manuela; Strauß, Peter; Allerberger, Franz; Wögerbauer, Markus; Ruppitsch, WernerAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue attributed to the misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Since AMR surveillance requires a One Health approach, we sampled nine interconnected compartments at a hydrological open-air lab (HOAL) in Austria to obtain six bacterial species included in the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Whole genome sequencing-based typing included core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of AMR was performed for all isolates. Eighty-nine clinically-relevant bacteria were obtained from eight compartments including 49 E. coli, 27 E. faecalis, 7 K. pneumoniae and 6 E. faecium. Clusters of isolates from the same species obtained in different sample collection dates were detected. Of the isolates, 29.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. E. coli and E. faecalis isolates from different compartments had acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with veterinary drugs such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, some of which were carried in conjugative and mobilizable plasmids. Three multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates were found in samples from field drainage and wastewater. Early detection of ARGs and ARB in natural and farm-related environments can identify hotspots of AMR and help prevent its emergence and dissemination along the food/feed chain.
- Investigation of 29 Antimicrobial Compounds in Soil Using Newly Developed UHPLC-MS/MS MethodPublication . Gbylik-Sikorska, Małgorzata; Gajda, Anna; Felipe-Sotelo, Monica; Caniça, Manuela; Cabal-Rosel, Adriana; Tenson, Tanel; Kořínková, Marta; Arbo, Krõõt; Kisand, Veljo; Rab, Gerhard; Brandtner, MartinWhile the prudent and reasonable use of veterinary antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals is necessary, researchers over the decades have shown that these antimicrobial agents can spread into the environment through livestock manure and wastewater. The analysis of the occurrence of antimicrobial compounds in soil samples is of a great importance to determine potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment. In this study, an affordable, rugged and simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of twenty-nine antimicrobial compounds from five different classes (tetracyclines, fluoro(quinolones), macrolides, sulfonamides and diaminopirimidines). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with extract filtration combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was the best strategy for the simultaneous determination of all analytes. The developed method was validated according to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808. The limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 µg/kg, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was established at 1.0 to 20.0 µg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of antimicrobial residues in one hundred and eighteen soil samples obtained from four European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia and Portugal). Doxycycline in the concentration levels of 9.07 µg/kg-20.6 µg/kg was detected in eight of the analysed samples. Samples were collected from areas where natural fertilizers (swine or cow manure) were applied. Our method can be efficiently used to monitor anti-microbial compounds in soil samples.