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Publication
Novos valores-guia da Organização Mundial de Saúde para cianotoxinas em águas para consumo humano e balneares
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As cianobactérias são organismos procariotas fotoautotróficos, presentes
numa variedade de habitats, designadamente nas águas doces
superficiais. Sendo produtores primários, são essenciais nos ecossistemas,
uma vez que estão na base da cadeia trófica e são uma das
principais fontes de oxigénio. No entanto, produzem compostos tóxicos
(cianotoxinas) que constituem um risco para a saúde pública, sendo a
principal via de exposição humana a estas toxinas a ingestão de água
contaminada. A legislação comunitária e nacional regulamenta o teor
de cianotoxinas em água de consumo humano e em águas balneares,
contemplando a microcistina-LR. Não obstante a evolução do conhecimento
acerca das cianotoxinas, quer em termos toxicológicos, quer
em termos analíticos, existem ainda muitas lacunas que não permitem
elaborar legislação que abranja todos os tipos de cianotoxinas,
pelo que a monitorização das massas de água está circunscrita às toxinas
mais conhecidas e estudadas – as microcistinas. Recentemente, a
Organização Mundial da Saúde procedeu a uma atualização dos valores-
guia de cianotoxinas (incluindo cilindrospermopsina, anatoxina e
saxitoxina) para águas de consumo humano e balneares. Neste artigo
apresentaremos um resumo destas novas orientações e discutiremos a
sua relevância para o conhecimento e monitorização de cianobactérias
tóxicas em águas doces superficiais nacionais
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotic organisms that live in diverse habitats, namely superficial water bodies. As primary producers, they constitute the basis of the food chain and play a primary role in oxygen production. However, they have also the ability to produce toxins (cyanotoxins) that pose a major threat to Public Health. The main route of exposure in humans is the ingestion of contaminated water. Implementation of European and national legislation has regulated the concentration of cyanotoxins in drinking and recreational waters, specifically of microcystin-LR. Regardless of the knowledge evolution concerning cyanotoxins, whether toxicological or analytic, there are still scientific gaps that impair the establishment of legislation that cover all toxin types. Water monitoring is therefore limited to the most common toxins, microcystins. Recently WHO has elaborated an update of the guidelines for cyanotoxins (including other toxins such as cylindrospermopsis, anatoxin and saxitoxin) in drinking and recreational waters. In this paper, we present a summary of these new guidelines and discuss their relevance for the knowledge and monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria in national superficial waters.
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotic organisms that live in diverse habitats, namely superficial water bodies. As primary producers, they constitute the basis of the food chain and play a primary role in oxygen production. However, they have also the ability to produce toxins (cyanotoxins) that pose a major threat to Public Health. The main route of exposure in humans is the ingestion of contaminated water. Implementation of European and national legislation has regulated the concentration of cyanotoxins in drinking and recreational waters, specifically of microcystin-LR. Regardless of the knowledge evolution concerning cyanotoxins, whether toxicological or analytic, there are still scientific gaps that impair the establishment of legislation that cover all toxin types. Water monitoring is therefore limited to the most common toxins, microcystins. Recently WHO has elaborated an update of the guidelines for cyanotoxins (including other toxins such as cylindrospermopsis, anatoxin and saxitoxin) in drinking and recreational waters. In this paper, we present a summary of these new guidelines and discuss their relevance for the knowledge and monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria in national superficial waters.
Description
Keywords
Cianobactérias Águas para Consumo Humano Águas Balneares Exposição Humana Água e Solo Guidelines Organização Mundial da Saúde Avaliação do Risco Saúde Pública Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2021 mai-ago;10(30):5-14
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP