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Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review

2023-07-21Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Rafaela
dc.contributor.authorVieira-Baptista, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorCatalão, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorBorrego, Maria José
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorVale, Nuno
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-05T16:27:21Z
dc.date.available2024-02-05T16:27:21Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-21
dc.descriptionReviewpt_PT
dc.description.abstractSexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality, health expenditures, and stigma. Of note are the most common bacterial STIs, chlamydial and gonococcal infections, whose etiological agents are Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), respectively. Despite being usually asymptomatic, in some cases these infections can be associated with long-term severe complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and increased risk of other STIs acquisition. As the symptoms, when present, are usually similar in both infections, and in most of the cases these infections co-occur, the dual-test strategy, searching for both pathogens, should be preferred. In line with this, herein we focus on the main aspects of CT and NG infections, the clinical symptoms as well as the appropriate state-of-the-art diagnostic tests and treatment. Cost-effective strategies for controlling CT and NG infections worldwide are addressed. The treatment for both infections is based on antibiotics. However, the continuing global rise in the incidence of these infections, concomitantly with the increased risk of antibiotics resistance, leads to difficulties in their control, particularly in the case of NG infections. We also discuss the potential mechanism of tumorigenesis related to CT infections. The molecular bases of CT and NG infections are addressed, as they should provide clues for control or eradication, through the development of new drugs and/or effective vaccines against these pathogens.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was financed by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolimento Regional through the COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, in a framework of the projects in CINTESIS, R&D Unit (reference UIDB/4255/2020), and within the scope of the project “RISE—LA/P/0053/2020”. N.V. would also like to thank the support from FCT and FEDER (European Union), award number IF/00092/2014/CP1255/CT0004 and CHAIR in Onco-Innovation at FMUP.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationJ Pers Med. 2023 Jul 21;13(7):1170. doi: 10.3390/jpm13071170. Reviewpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jpm13071170pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/9039
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationCenter for Health Technology and Services Research
dc.relationHealth Research Network: From Lab to Community Health
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectChlamydia trachomatispt_PT
dc.subjectNeisseria gonorrhoeaept_PT
dc.subjectDiagnosticpt_PT
dc.subjectInfertilitypt_PT
dc.subjectPreventionpt_PT
dc.subjectScreeningpt_PT
dc.subjectSexually Transmitted Infectionspt_PT
dc.subjectTreatmentpt_PT
dc.subjectTumorigenesispt_PT
dc.subjectInfeções Sexualmente Transmissíveispt_PT
dc.titleChlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Reviewpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Health Technology and Services Research
oaire.awardTitleHealth Research Network: From Lab to Community Health
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04255%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0053%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/IF%2F00092%2F2014%2FCP1255%2FCT0004/PT
oaire.citation.issue7pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1170pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Personalized Medicinept_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.embargofctAcesso de acordo com política editorial da revista.pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isProjectOfPublication39eb4eda-4927-4a33-8e6f-3cfc0b2be3e4
relation.isProjectOfPublication30e7feaf-a739-4af5-899f-727d26534620
relation.isProjectOfPublication8c52a6d3-c2bf-4aea-bab1-7dcc6abeeaae
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery39eb4eda-4927-4a33-8e6f-3cfc0b2be3e4

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