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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presença de determinadas variantes em genes responsáveis pela
codificação de proteínas com função de transportadores ou recetores
envolvidos em vias de metabolização de xenobióticos, pode condicionar
a resposta individual a determinados fármacos, comprometendo
a resposta terapêutica e o prognóstico clínico. Desta forma, a
farmacogenética é, nos tempos atuais, uma ferramenta essencial na
medicina personalizada, uma vez que estudos genéticos permitem ao
clínico prever a probabilidade de eficácia e de toxicidade de determinados
fármacos, podendo assim individualizar o tratamento e melhorar
a segurança dos doentes. A título de exemplo, podemos referir as
variantes associadas ao gene FMO3 (Trimetilaminúria) que condicionarão
a eficácia do tratamento com Sulindac, variantes no gene CBS
(Homocistinúria clássica) que influenciarão a resposta dos doentes à
terapia com Piridoxina (vitamina B6) bem como as variantes no gene
DPYD (deficiência em dihidropirimidina desidrogenase) que originarão
diferentes manifestações fenotípicas em indivíduos tratados com
fluoropirimidinas (5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabina e Tegafur). O objetivo
deste trabalho é alertar para a necessidade do estudo genético de
indivíduos em tratamento com fármacos que sofram metabolização
hepática. Pretende-se avaliar a importância de variantes já identificadas
no gene DPYD, bem como de outras potencialmente relevantes,
enquanto marcadores preditivos de toxicidade associada às fluoropirimidinas.
Este estudo também contribuirá para alargar o espectro
mutacional associado ao gene DPYD, para além das variantes incluídas
nos kits comerciais do gene, que podem também influenciar a
terapêutica/toxicidade com fluoropirimidinas.
The presence of certain variants in genes responsible for encoding transporters or receptors involved in xenobiotic metabolism pathways can influence an individual's response to certain drugs, compromising therapeutic efficacy and clinical prognosis. Therefore, pharmacogenetics is currently an essential tool in personalized medicine, as genetic studies allow clinicians to predict the likelihood of efficacy and toxicity of specific drugs, enabling individualized treatment and improving patient safety. As an example, we can mention variants associated with the FMO3 gene (Trimethylaminuria) that affect the effectiveness of Sulindac treatment, variants in the CBS gene (Classical homocystinuria) that influence patients' response to Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy, as well as variants in the DPYD gene (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency) that result in different phenotypic manifestations in individuals treated with fluoropyrimidines (5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, and Tegafur). The aim of this study is to highlight the need for genetic testing of individuals undergoing treatment with drugs that undergo hepatic metabolism. Additionally, we intend to evaluate the importance of already identified variants in the DPYD gene, as well as other potentially relevant ones, as predictive markers for fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity. Furthermore, we also aim to contribute to expanding the mutational spectrum associated with the DPYD gene, beyond the variants included in commercial gene kits, which could also influence the therapy/toxicity of fluoropyrimidines.
The presence of certain variants in genes responsible for encoding transporters or receptors involved in xenobiotic metabolism pathways can influence an individual's response to certain drugs, compromising therapeutic efficacy and clinical prognosis. Therefore, pharmacogenetics is currently an essential tool in personalized medicine, as genetic studies allow clinicians to predict the likelihood of efficacy and toxicity of specific drugs, enabling individualized treatment and improving patient safety. As an example, we can mention variants associated with the FMO3 gene (Trimethylaminuria) that affect the effectiveness of Sulindac treatment, variants in the CBS gene (Classical homocystinuria) that influence patients' response to Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy, as well as variants in the DPYD gene (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency) that result in different phenotypic manifestations in individuals treated with fluoropyrimidines (5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, and Tegafur). The aim of this study is to highlight the need for genetic testing of individuals undergoing treatment with drugs that undergo hepatic metabolism. Additionally, we intend to evaluate the importance of already identified variants in the DPYD gene, as well as other potentially relevant ones, as predictive markers for fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity. Furthermore, we also aim to contribute to expanding the mutational spectrum associated with the DPYD gene, beyond the variants included in commercial gene kits, which could also influence the therapy/toxicity of fluoropyrimidines.
Description
Keywords
Gene DPYD Fluoropirimidinas Marcadores Toxicidade Medicina Personalizada Farmacogenética Doenças Genéticas e Hereditárias
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2023 janeiro-abril;12(33):27-37
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
