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Discriminative Protein Markers of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Identified by Shotgun Proteomics
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Resumo(s)
Objective: Chronic exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) increases the risk of developing tobacco-related pathologies such as lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to identify potential protein biomarkers for response and risk assessment of SHS exposure.
Methods: A shotgun proteomics approach was employed to analyse protein expression profiles in nasal epithelium and plasma samples from healthy, non-smoking restaurant workers who were either exposed or not exposed to SHS in the workplace. A label-free quantification strategy was used to measure differential protein expression between the two groups. Logistic regression modelling was applied to identify the proteins that best discriminated exposed individuals from non-exposed controls, with the goal of establishing an expression profile indicative of SHS-related response.
Results: In the nasal epithelium, SHS exposure was associated with modulation of proteins involved in HIF1α-regulated glycolytic pathways, xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In plasma, differentially expressed proteins were related to systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Among these, three plasma proteins—Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), Vitamin D-binding protein (GC), and Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1)—showed a significant discriminatory potential between SHS-exposed and non-exposed individuals.
Conclusions: The identified proteins, particularly HRG, GC, and LRG1, are promising response biomarkers for SHS exposure. Their expression profiles may support the development of molecular tools for individual response assessment associated with environmental tobacco smoke.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Second-Hand Smoke Plasma and Nasal Epithelium Shotgun Proteomics Systemic Inflammation Response Biomarkers Genómica Funcional e Estrutural