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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A hemocromatose hereditária (HH) associada ao gene HFE, dado ser
uma doença autossómica recessiva com penetrância incompleta, deve
obedecer a uma estratégia de análise molecular que compreenda, em
primeiro lugar, a pesquisa das alterações moleculares que ocorrem mais
frequentemente no referido gene (p.H63D e p.C282Y). Deve dar-se prioridade
à pesquisa da alteração p.C282Y já que esta, quando presente em
homozigotia, não havendo outros fatores de risco associados, permite
confirmar a doença em indivíduos com fenótipo clínico sugestivo de HH
e/ou apresentam biomarcadores séricos indicadores de sobrecarga em
ferro, nomeadamente saturação da transferrina e ferritina elevadas. Neste
trabalho, o estudo molecular de 1838 doentes com parâmetros clínicos
e/ou bioquímicos relacionados com HH, revelou a presença de homozigotia
para a alteração p.C282Y em 4% dos indivíduos analisados, valor muito
acima do estimado para a população em geral (~0,09%) enquanto que a
homozigotia para p.H63D foi de 7,9%, o qual corresponde a duas vezes
o valor previsto para a população em geral (~4%). Ou seja, estes resultados,
sustentam que a referida pesquisa, antecedida de aconselhamento
genético, deverá ser realizada para confirmar (em indivíduos com índices
bioquímicos de sobrecarga em ferro) a suspeita de HH. O diagnóstico
molecular antecedido da ocorrência dos sintomas graves da HH, permite
antecipar a vigilância clínica, prevenindo a progressão da doença para as
manifestações mais graves que incluem, por exemplo, cirrose e carcinoma
hepatocelular. Complementarmente, valoriza-se também a importância
da participação dos laboratórios em ensaios de avaliação externa da qualidade,
o que permite melhorar o desempenho dos mesmos no âmbito da
genotipagem, interpretação de resultados e qualidade dos relatórios.
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) associated with the HFE gene is an autosomal recessive disease with incomplete penetrance, should follow a molecular strategy analysis that includes, in a first stage, the screening of the molecular alterations that occur more frequently in that gene (p.H63D and p.C282Y). Priority should be given to p.C282Y alteration since this, when present in homozygosity, with no other associated risk factors, allows the disease confirmation in individuals with a clinical phenotype suggestive of HH and/or with serum biomarkers of iron overload, namely transferrin and ferritin saturation indices above normal. In this work, the molecular study of 1838 patients with clinical and/or biochemical parameters related to HH, revealed the presence of homozygosity for p.C282Y in 4% of the analysed individuals, a value well above the estimated for the general population (~ 0.09%), while the homozygosity for p.H63D was 7.9%, which is twice the expected value for the general population (~ 4%). These results support that the strategy of analysis mentioned above, preceded by genetic counselling, should be carried out to confirm (in individuals with biochemical indexes of iron overload) the suspicion of HH. The molecular diagnosis performed before the occurrence of severe symptoms of HH, allows the anticipation of the patient´s clinical surveillance, preventing the progression of the disease to the most severe manifestations that include, for example, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, the participation of laboratories in external quality assessment schemes is important and highly recommended, which allows them to improve their performance in terms of genotyping, results interpretation, and reports quality.
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) associated with the HFE gene is an autosomal recessive disease with incomplete penetrance, should follow a molecular strategy analysis that includes, in a first stage, the screening of the molecular alterations that occur more frequently in that gene (p.H63D and p.C282Y). Priority should be given to p.C282Y alteration since this, when present in homozygosity, with no other associated risk factors, allows the disease confirmation in individuals with a clinical phenotype suggestive of HH and/or with serum biomarkers of iron overload, namely transferrin and ferritin saturation indices above normal. In this work, the molecular study of 1838 patients with clinical and/or biochemical parameters related to HH, revealed the presence of homozygosity for p.C282Y in 4% of the analysed individuals, a value well above the estimated for the general population (~ 0.09%), while the homozygosity for p.H63D was 7.9%, which is twice the expected value for the general population (~ 4%). These results support that the strategy of analysis mentioned above, preceded by genetic counselling, should be carried out to confirm (in individuals with biochemical indexes of iron overload) the suspicion of HH. The molecular diagnosis performed before the occurrence of severe symptoms of HH, allows the anticipation of the patient´s clinical surveillance, preventing the progression of the disease to the most severe manifestations that include, for example, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, the participation of laboratories in external quality assessment schemes is important and highly recommended, which allows them to improve their performance in terms of genotyping, results interpretation, and reports quality.
Description
Keywords
Hemocromatose Hereditária Gene HFE Genótipos Caracterização Molecular Diagnóstico Precoce Doenças Genéticas
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2020 setembro-dezembro;9(28):45-49
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP
