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Evaluation of European severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance, 27 European countries, 2022/23
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Background: Between 2020 and 2023, ECDC has supported 21 of 30 EU/EEA and six Western Balkan countries by enhancing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance to monitor trends, detect unexpected events, evaluate public health interventions, identify risk factors and support vaccine effectiveness studies. Using diverse strategies, countries have implemented SARI surveillance and reported data at national/European levels.AimWe evaluated European-level SARI surveillance and provided recommendations to achieve objectives and improve key attribute performance.MethodsWe analysed 2022/23 surveillance data for completeness. We administered a questionnaire, targeting country-level representatives, to evaluate surveillance attributes (meeting objectives, usefulness, acceptability, timeliness, representativeness) and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.ResultsThirteen countries (13/27) reported data at European level. Data showed good overall completeness but varied across countries and some variables need improvement (vaccination, sequencing). The questionnaire was completed by all 27 countries. Most countries (23/27) reported that the system effectively monitored trends and considered it useful and acceptable (25/27), but only 16 found it timely and 14 representative. Challenges included insufficient case-based data, data linkage issues and insufficient data completeness. Slow/inefficient manual data extraction affected timeliness, while insufficient geographical coverage affected representativeness. Multi-pathogen surveillance was identified as the main strength, heterogeneity of systems the main weakness, improvements of hospital information systems the main opportunity, and lack of sustainable funding the main threat.ConclusionsSARI surveillance was perceived as effective in monitoring trends, useful and acceptable. To achieve additional objectives and enhance timeliness and representativeness, we recommend improving data completeness, digitalisation/automation and geographical coverage.
Key public health message: - What did you want to address in this study and why? Between 2020 and 2023, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has supported 27 countries (21/30 EU/EEA and 6 Western Balkans countries) in strengthening their severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance systems. We evaluated the performance of European SARI surveillance (2022/23) and provided recommendations to help achieve its objectives and improve performance on key surveillance attributes. - What have we learnt from this study? European SARI surveillance was useful, acceptable and able to meet its main objective of monitoring trends of severe respiratory disease. However, improvements are needed in terms of timeliness, representativeness and data completeness to allow the system to fulfil all of its objectives. - What are the implications of your findings for public health? The study results provide an opportunity to improve key attributes such as timeliness, representativeness and data completeness of SARI surveillance. Such improvements would allow the system to identify risk factors that may predispose patients to severe outcomes, monitor the effects of public health interventions including vaccination and further contribute to pandemic preparedness and response.
Key public health message: - What did you want to address in this study and why? Between 2020 and 2023, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has supported 27 countries (21/30 EU/EEA and 6 Western Balkans countries) in strengthening their severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance systems. We evaluated the performance of European SARI surveillance (2022/23) and provided recommendations to help achieve its objectives and improve performance on key surveillance attributes. - What have we learnt from this study? European SARI surveillance was useful, acceptable and able to meet its main objective of monitoring trends of severe respiratory disease. However, improvements are needed in terms of timeliness, representativeness and data completeness to allow the system to fulfil all of its objectives. - What are the implications of your findings for public health? The study results provide an opportunity to improve key attributes such as timeliness, representativeness and data completeness of SARI surveillance. Such improvements would allow the system to identify risk factors that may predispose patients to severe outcomes, monitor the effects of public health interventions including vaccination and further contribute to pandemic preparedness and response.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
SARS-CoV-2 Evaluation Influenza Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) Surveillance Europe Estados de Saúde e de Doença Infecções Respiratórias
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Euro Surveill. 2025 May;30(20):2400655. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.20.2400655
Editora
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control