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Nutritional and Contaminant Analysis of Foods Ingested by Vegetarian Consumers: Total Diet Study Approach
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Resumo(s)
Dietary habits have changed over the years, with the popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets increasing [1]. Total Diet Studies (TDS) are a public health tool for assessing dietary exposure to contaminants and beneficial substances in foods [2]. This study aimed to determine the profile of micronutrients and inorganic contaminants in the Portuguese population's most commonly consumed plant-based foods. The sampling plan followed the TDS methodology, and a total of five main food groups were analysed: grains and grain-based products (n=48); milk and dairy products (n=60); products for non-standard diets, food imitates and food supplements (n=72); pulses, dried fruits, oilseeds and spices (n=132); and vegetables and vegetable products (n=12). The 324 individual samples collected were analysed as 27 pooled samples. Each sample was analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for thirteen elements: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, lead, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, and zinc.
The analytical results were obtained under quality assurance conditions supported by the requirements described in NP ISO/IEC 17025:2017.
The results of this study indicated that some food samples from the group of pulses, dried fruits, oilseeds and spices had the highest content of manganese, zinc, molybdenum and selenium. On the other hand, products for non-standard diets and dairy products had the highest content of copper and iodine, respectively. The arsenic, cadmium, and lead levels were below the limit of quantification for the majority of samples analysed.
The results demonstrated that while the consumption of 100 g of foods, like chia seeds, textured soy protein, and Brazil nuts, significantly exceeds the Dietary Reference Value for essential elements like copper, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium, others, particularly within dairy products, fall short of these nutritional benchmarks. This study revealed that the levels of inorganic contaminants (arsenic, cadmium and lead) in the analysed samples are safe for the Portuguese population.
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Palavras-chave
Total Diet Study Vegetarian Consumers Dietary Habits Food Contaminants Composição dos Alimentos