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Publication
Avaliação do posicionamento e expectativas dos farmacêuticos portugueses face à farmacogenómica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A farmacogenómica (PGx) permite, com base no perfil genético do
doente, selecionar o(s) fármaco(s) mais apropriado(s) para o seu tratamento
e ajustar a dose terapêutica, maximizando o efeito e diminuindo a
toxicidade e a ocorrência de reações adversas (RAMs). Estes testes são
também chamados testes genéticos de seleção terapêutica e integram
a farmacoterapia personalizada. Para aferir atitudes, opiniões, expectativas,
práticas e preocupações dos farmacêuticos enquanto técnicos do
medicamento, relativamente à farmacogenómica e identificar necessidades
formativas e de desenvolvimento de competências em farmacogenómica,
foi desenvolvido um questionário dirigido a farmacêuticos sobre
farmacogenómica, o qual foi testado e ajustado recorrendo à técnica de
grupo focal, e recebeu parecer favorável à implementação da Comissão
de Ética para a Saúde do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo
Jorge. O questionário foi disponibilizado em plataforma online para
acesso e resposta, tendo sido divulgado pelas newsletters da Ordem
dos Farmacêuticos e da Associação Nacional de Farmácias em janeiro
de 2020, e partilhado também nas redes sociais Facebook, Linkdin e por
email. Obtiveram-se respostas a 303 questionários: 64% completamente
preenchidos e 36% incompletos. Os inquiridos são farmacêuticos com
idades compreendidas entre os 23 e 77 anos, 77% do sexo feminino e
99% estão empregados. Há 46,1% de licenciados pré-Bolonha, 44,4%
são mestres (38% com Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêutica,
MICF ) e 9,5% são doutorados. Opiniões : 98% dos inquiridos considera
que a farmacogenómica é uma área importante das ciências farmacêuticas,
97% que devia ser incluída na formação continua e 96% no currículo
do MICF. Expectativas: 99% espera que a implementação da farmacogenómica
evite a administração de medicamentos ineficazes e em doses
inapropriadas e 98% que conduza a uma redução de RAMs. Preocupações:
a venda dos testes de farmacogenómica diretamente ao utente
através da internet (78%), 91% o acesso aos resultados por pessoa não
autorizada e 58% que os resultados mostrem a inexistência de um tratamento
apropriado. Prática: 11% sentem-se habilitados para recomendar
a realização de um teste de farmacogómica, 10% já analisaram um
relatório de farmacogenómica e 25,6% conhecem fontes fidedignas de
informação sobre este tema. Identificamos a existência de opiniões e
expectativas altamente favoráveis à utilização dos testes de farmacogenómica,
e algumas preocupações a nível de regulamentação. Tal como
noutros países, os farmacêuticos portugueses estão interessados em
aprender mais sobre farmacogenómica, acham que esta pode trazer
benefícios aos doentes, mas não se sentem preparados para sua aplicação
imediata no seu local de trabalho. Há necessidades educativas em
farmacogenómica que têm de ser colmatadas para que se torne uma
prática comum de rotina do ato farmacêutico.
Pharmacogenomics helps to select the most appropriate drug(s), based on the genetic profile of the patient and by adjusting the dose, maximizing the effect and reducing toxicity as well as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These tests are part of personalized pharmacotherapy. A questionnaire for pharmacists was developed to assess the attitudes, opinions, expectations, practices, and concerns of pharmacists as health professionals specialised in clinical drugs, in relation to pharmacogenomics. Identification of training needs and skills development in pharmacogenomics. The questionnaire was tested and adjusted using the focus group technique and received a favorable opinion for the implementation of the Health Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge of Portugal. The questionnaire was disseminated by the newsletters of the Pharmaceutical Society and the National Association Pharmacies of Portugal in January 2020, and it was also shared on the social networks Facebook, Linkedin and by email. It was available online for access and response. A total of 303 pharmacists answered to the questionnaire: 64% were completely filled in and 36% were incomplete. Respondents are pharmacists aged between 23 and 77 years, 77% are female and 99% are employed. There are 46.1% pre-Bologna graduates, 44.4% are masters (38% with an Integrated Masters in Pharmaceutical Sciences, MICF) and 9.5% are PhDs. Opinions: 98% of respondents consider that pharmacogenomics is an important area of pharmaceutical sciences, 97% that it should be included in continuing education and 96% in the MICF curricula. Expectations: 99% expect that the implementation of pharmacogenomics will avoid the administration of ineffective drugs and in inappropriate doses and 98% that it will lead to a reduction of ADRs. Concerns: the sale of pharmacogenomics tests directly to the consumer via the internet (78%), access to the results by an unauthorized person (91%) and that the results show the absence of an appropriate treatment (58%). Practice: 11% feel qualified to recommend a pharmacogenomics test, 10% have already analyzed a pharmacogenomics report and 25.6% know reliable sources of information on this topic. We identified the existence of highly favorable opinions and expectations regarding the use of pharmacogenomics tests, and some regulatory concerns. As in other countries, Portuguese pharmacists are interested in learning more about pharmacogenomics, they think that it can bring benefits to patients, but they do not feel prepared yet for its immediate application in their workplace. There are educational needs in pharmacogenomics that have to be met so that it becomes a common routine practice of the pharmaceutical practice.
Pharmacogenomics helps to select the most appropriate drug(s), based on the genetic profile of the patient and by adjusting the dose, maximizing the effect and reducing toxicity as well as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These tests are part of personalized pharmacotherapy. A questionnaire for pharmacists was developed to assess the attitudes, opinions, expectations, practices, and concerns of pharmacists as health professionals specialised in clinical drugs, in relation to pharmacogenomics. Identification of training needs and skills development in pharmacogenomics. The questionnaire was tested and adjusted using the focus group technique and received a favorable opinion for the implementation of the Health Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge of Portugal. The questionnaire was disseminated by the newsletters of the Pharmaceutical Society and the National Association Pharmacies of Portugal in January 2020, and it was also shared on the social networks Facebook, Linkedin and by email. It was available online for access and response. A total of 303 pharmacists answered to the questionnaire: 64% were completely filled in and 36% were incomplete. Respondents are pharmacists aged between 23 and 77 years, 77% are female and 99% are employed. There are 46.1% pre-Bologna graduates, 44.4% are masters (38% with an Integrated Masters in Pharmaceutical Sciences, MICF) and 9.5% are PhDs. Opinions: 98% of respondents consider that pharmacogenomics is an important area of pharmaceutical sciences, 97% that it should be included in continuing education and 96% in the MICF curricula. Expectations: 99% expect that the implementation of pharmacogenomics will avoid the administration of ineffective drugs and in inappropriate doses and 98% that it will lead to a reduction of ADRs. Concerns: the sale of pharmacogenomics tests directly to the consumer via the internet (78%), access to the results by an unauthorized person (91%) and that the results show the absence of an appropriate treatment (58%). Practice: 11% feel qualified to recommend a pharmacogenomics test, 10% have already analyzed a pharmacogenomics report and 25.6% know reliable sources of information on this topic. We identified the existence of highly favorable opinions and expectations regarding the use of pharmacogenomics tests, and some regulatory concerns. As in other countries, Portuguese pharmacists are interested in learning more about pharmacogenomics, they think that it can bring benefits to patients, but they do not feel prepared yet for its immediate application in their workplace. There are educational needs in pharmacogenomics that have to be met so that it becomes a common routine practice of the pharmaceutical practice.
Description
Keywords
Farmacogenómica Implementação na Prática Clínica Expectativas Posicionamento Farmacêuticos Portugueses Medicina Personalizada Portugal
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Boletim Epidemiológico Observações. 2022 mai-ago;11(32):19-24
Publisher
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP