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Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health

2025-03-26Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais
datacite.subject.sdgCiências Naturais
dc.contributor.authorBehr, Anne-Cathrin
dc.contributor.authorFæste, Christiane Kruse
dc.contributor.authorAzqueta, Amaya
dc.contributor.authorTavares, Ana M.
dc.contributor.authorSpyropoulou, Anastasia
dc.contributor.authorSolhaug, Anita
dc.contributor.authorOlsen, Ann-Karin
dc.contributor.authorVettorazzi, Ariane
dc.contributor.authorMertens, Birgit
dc.contributor.authorZegura, Bojana
dc.contributor.authorStreel, Camille
dc.contributor.authorNdiaye, Dieynaba
dc.contributor.authorSpilioti, Eliana
dc.contributor.authorDubreil, Estelle
dc.contributor.authorBuratti, Franca Maria
dc.contributor.authorCrudo, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorEriksen, Gunnar Sundstøl
dc.contributor.authorSnapkow, Igor
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, João Paulo
dc.contributor.authorRasinger, Josef D.
dc.contributor.authorSanders, Julie
dc.contributor.authorMachera, Kyriaki
dc.contributor.authorIvanova, Lada
dc.contributor.authorGaté, Laurent
dc.contributor.authorLe Hegarat, Ludovic
dc.contributor.authorNovak, Matjaz
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Nicola M.
dc.contributor.authorTait, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorFraga, Sónia
dc.contributor.authorHager, Sonja
dc.contributor.authorMarko, Doris
dc.contributor.authorBraeuning, Albert
dc.contributor.authorLouro, Henriqueta
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorDirven, Hubert
dc.contributor.authorDietrich, Jessica
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-13T13:26:15Z
dc.date.available2025-11-13T13:26:15Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-26
dc.description.abstractEnniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are cyclic hexadepsipeptide fungal metabolites which have demonstrated antibiotic, antimycotic, and insecticidal activities. The substantial toxic potentials of these mycotoxins are associated with their ionophoric molecular properties and relatively high lipophilicities. ENNs occur extensively in grain and grain-derived products and are considered a food safety issue by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The tolerable daily intake and maximum levels for ENNs in humans and animals remain unestablished due to key toxicological and toxicokinetic data gaps, preventing full risk assessment. Aiming to find critical data gaps impeding hazard characterization and risk evaluation, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the existing information from in vitro and in vivo studies on toxicokinetic characteristics and cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, endocrine, reproductive and developmental effects of the most prevalent ENN analogues (ENN A, A1, B, B1) and BEA. The missing information identified showed that additional studies on ENNs and BEA have to be performed before sufficient data for an in-depth hazard characterisation of these mycotoxins become available.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101057014 and has received co-funding of the authors’ institutions. Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme 101057014. https://doi.org/10.13039/100018693.
dc.identifier.citationArch Toxicol. 2025 May;99(5):1791-1841. doi: 10.1007/s00204-025-03988-3
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00204-025-03988-3
dc.identifier.eissn1432-0738
dc.identifier.issn0340-5761
dc.identifier.pmid40137953
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10609
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relationEuropean Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)
dc.relation101057014
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-025-03988-3
dc.relation.ispartofArchives of Toxicology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectEnniatins
dc.subjectBeauvericin
dc.subjectEndocrine disruption
dc.subjectToxicokinetics
dc.subjectImmunotoxicology
dc.subjectEnvironmental Genotoxicity
dc.subjectGenotoxicidade Ambiental
dc.titleHazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human healtheng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleEuropean Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10383
oaire.citation.endPage1841
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.startPage1791
oaire.citation.titleArchives of Toxicology
oaire.citation.volume99
oaire.fundingStreamHorizon Europe Guarantee
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLouro
person.givenNameHenriqueta
person.identifier157627
person.identifier.ciencia-id721D-2BB1-7DB1
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9744-7332
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6507971479
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isProjectOfPublicationa7df9a6a-838e-406c-94c7-1baa7daba05c
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya7df9a6a-838e-406c-94c7-1baa7daba05c

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