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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os queijos fabricados com leite cru fazem parte da cultura gastronómica portuguesa, sendo valorizados
produtos de elevada qualidade microbiológica para garantir a segurança dos consumidores.
Neste estudo avaliou-se a deteção e/ou contagem de Escherichia coli patogénica, Staphylococcus spp.
coagulase positiva (CP), Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes, e de microrganismos indicadores
de higiene (E. coli não patogénica e outras Listeria spp.) em 98 queijos da Beira Baixa fabricados com
leite cru, e realizou-se a caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de isolados.
Foram utilizados métodos baseados nas normas ISO e métodos para quantificação, deteção e
identificação de bactérias (TEMPO®, VIDAS® e VITEK®, respetivamente). Fenotipicamente foram
efetuados testes de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos (E. coli e Salmonella spp.), testes da atividade
hemolítica (E. coli) e teste de serotipagem por aglutinação (Salmonella spp.). Genotipicamente
realizaram-se ensaios de PCR multiplex (pesquisa de genes específicos de E. coli patogénica intestinal)
e sequenciação total do genoma (E. coli, Listeria spp. e Salmonella spp.), com deteção de genes de
virulência e de resistência a antimicrobianos (E. coli e Salmonella spp.), bem como análise de clusters
(E. coli e Listeria spp.).
Detetou-se a presença de E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. CP, L. monocytogenes, Listeria innocua e
Salmonella spp. em 73,5%, 63,3%, 4,1%, 4,1% e 1,0% das amostras, respetivamente. Não foram
detetadas enterotoxinas estafilocócicas. Foram detetados três isolados de E. coli patogénica
extraintestinal (ExPEC), um hemolítico e dois resistentes a múltiplos antimicrobianos (Ampicilina,
Cloranfenicol, Sulfametoxazol, Tetraciclina), ST (sequence type) 14755, ST155 e ST362,
respetivamente; um isolado de Salmonella Duisburg (ST4046) suscetível aos antimicrobianos testados
e com dois genes associados a resistências; quatro isolados de L. monocytogenes (ST1, ST5, ST7) e
quatro isolados de L. innocua (ST492, ST603).
A contaminação encontrada poderá estar relacionada com a não adesão às boas práticas de higiene e
segurança dos alimentos ao longo do processo de fabrico.
Cheeses made from raw milk are part of Portuguese gastronomic culture, with products of high microbiological quality being valued to guarantee consumer safety. In this study, the detection and/or count of pathogenic Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive (CP) Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as hygiene indicator microorganisms (non-pathogenic E. coli and other Listeria spp.) in 98 raw milk cheeses from Beira Baixa region, and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates was carried out. Methods based on ISO standards and methods for quantification, detection and identification of bacteria (TEMPO®, VIDAS® and VITEK®, respectively) were used. Phenotypically, antimicrobial susceptibility tests (E. coli and Salmonella spp.), hemolytic activity tests (E. coli) and agglutination serotyping test (Salmonella spp.) were carried out. Genotypically, multiplex PCR assays (search for specific genes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli) and total genome sequencing (E. coli, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp.) were carried out, with detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (E. coli and Salmonella spp.), as well as cluster analysis (E. coli and Listeria spp.). The presence of E. coli, CP Staphylococcus spp., L. monocytogenes, Listeria innocua and Salmonella spp. was detected in 73.5%, 63.3%, 4.1%, 4.1% and 1.0% of the samples, respectively. No staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected. Three isolates of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were detected, one hemolytic and two resistant to multiple antimicrobials (Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline), ST (sequence type) 14755, ST155 and ST362, respectively; an isolate of Salmonella Duisburg (ST4046) susceptible to the antimicrobials tested and with two genes associated with resistance; four isolates of L. monocytogenes (ST1, ST5, ST7) and four isolates of L. innocua (ST492, ST603).
Cheeses made from raw milk are part of Portuguese gastronomic culture, with products of high microbiological quality being valued to guarantee consumer safety. In this study, the detection and/or count of pathogenic Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive (CP) Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as hygiene indicator microorganisms (non-pathogenic E. coli and other Listeria spp.) in 98 raw milk cheeses from Beira Baixa region, and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates was carried out. Methods based on ISO standards and methods for quantification, detection and identification of bacteria (TEMPO®, VIDAS® and VITEK®, respectively) were used. Phenotypically, antimicrobial susceptibility tests (E. coli and Salmonella spp.), hemolytic activity tests (E. coli) and agglutination serotyping test (Salmonella spp.) were carried out. Genotypically, multiplex PCR assays (search for specific genes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli) and total genome sequencing (E. coli, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp.) were carried out, with detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (E. coli and Salmonella spp.), as well as cluster analysis (E. coli and Listeria spp.). The presence of E. coli, CP Staphylococcus spp., L. monocytogenes, Listeria innocua and Salmonella spp. was detected in 73.5%, 63.3%, 4.1%, 4.1% and 1.0% of the samples, respectively. No staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected. Three isolates of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were detected, one hemolytic and two resistant to multiple antimicrobials (Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline), ST (sequence type) 14755, ST155 and ST362, respectively; an isolate of Salmonella Duisburg (ST4046) susceptible to the antimicrobials tested and with two genes associated with resistance; four isolates of L. monocytogenes (ST1, ST5, ST7) and four isolates of L. innocua (ST492, ST603).
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia Humana e Ambiente, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa, 2023.
Dissertação orientada por Doutora Rita Maria Cruz de Campos Batista, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge e Prof. Doutora Lélia Mariana Marcão Chambel, Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa.
203523946
Dissertação orientada por Doutora Rita Maria Cruz de Campos Batista, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge e Prof. Doutora Lélia Mariana Marcão Chambel, Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa.
203523946
Keywords
Queijos Fabricados com Leite Cru Deteção e Contagem de Bactérias Teste de Suscetibilidade a Antimicrobianos (TSA) Sequenciação Total do Genoma (WGS) Bactérias Patogénicas Segurança Alimentar Cheeses Made From Raw Milk Pathogenic Bacteria Detection and Enumeration of Bacteria Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)
