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Longitudinal Study of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milk

2019-03-22Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorJaakkonen, Anniina
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Hanna
dc.contributor.authorHallanvuo, Saija
dc.contributor.authorRanta, Jukka
dc.contributor.authorRossi, Mirko
dc.contributor.authorIsidro, Joana
dc.contributor.authorLindström, Miia
dc.contributor.authorHakkinen, Marjaana
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-09T12:03:31Z
dc.date.available2020-05-09T12:03:31Z
dc.date.issued2019-03-22
dc.description.abstractShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter jejuni are notable health hazards associated with the consumption of raw milk. These bacteria may colonize the intestines of asymptomatic cattle and enter bulk tank milk via fecal contamination during milking. We studied the frequency of STEC O157:H7 and C. jejuni contamination in tank milk (n = 785) and the in-line milk filters of milking machines (n = 631) versus the frequency of isolation from cattle feces (n = 257) on three Finnish dairy farms for 1 year. Despite simultaneous isolation of STEC O157:H7 (17%) or C. jejuni (53%) from cattle, these bacteria were rarely isolated from milk filters (2% or <1%, respectively) and milk (0%). As revealed by phylogenomics, one STEC O157:H7 strain at a time was detected on each farm and persisted for ≤12 months despite rigorous hygienic measures. C. jejuni strains of a generalist sequence type (ST-883 and ST-1080) persisted in the herds for ≥11 months, and several other C. jejuni types were detected sporadically. The stx gene carried by STEC was detected more frequently from milk filters (37%) than from milk (7%), suggesting that milk filters are more suitable sampling targets for monitoring than milk. A questionnaire of on-farm practices suggested lower stx contamination of milk when major cleansing in the barn, culling, or pasturing of dairy cows was applied, while a higher average outdoor temperature was associated with higher stx contamination. Because pathogen contamination occurred despite good hygiene and because pathogen detection from milk and milk filters proved challenging, we recommend heat treatment for raw milk before consumption.IMPORTANCE The increased popularity of raw milk consumption has created demand for relaxing legislation, despite the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, notably STEC and C. jejuni However, the epidemiology of these milk-borne pathogens on the herd level is still poorly understood, and data are lacking on the frequency of milk contamination on farms with cattle shedding these bacteria in their feces. This study suggests (i) that STEC contamination in milk can be reduced, but not prevented, by on-farm hygienic measures while fecal shedding is observable, (ii) that milk filters are more suitable sampling targets for monitoring than milk although pathogen detection from both sample matrices may be challenging, and (iii) that STEC and C. jejuni genotypes may persist in cattle herds for several months. The results can be utilized in developing and targeting pathogen monitoring and risk management on the farm level and contributed to the revision of Finnish legislation in 2017.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipOur study was funded by the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (grant no. 1879/312/2012), Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research, and the Walter Ehrström Foundation. The sequencing of the strains and the salary of J.I. were supported by the INNUENDO project (https://sites .google.com/site/theinnuendoproject/), which received funding from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (grant no. GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2015/01/CT2).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationAppl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Mar 22;85(7):e02910-18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02910-18. Print 2019 Apr 1pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1128/AEM.02910-18pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0099-2240
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/6631
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Microbiologypt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://aem.asm.org/content/85/7/e02910-18.longpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectAnimalspt_PT
dc.subjectCampylobacter jejunipt_PT
dc.subjectCattlept_PT
dc.subjectDairyingpt_PT
dc.subjectEscherichia coli O157pt_PT
dc.subjectFarmspt_PT
dc.subjectFecespt_PT
dc.subjectFemalept_PT
dc.subjectFinlandpt_PT
dc.subjectGenomicspt_PT
dc.subjectGenotypept_PT
dc.subjectLongitudinal Studiespt_PT
dc.subjectMilkpt_PT
dc.subjectMultilocus Sequence Typingpt_PT
dc.subjectPhylogenypt_PT
dc.subjectRisk Factorspt_PT
dc.subjectShiga Toxinpt_PT
dc.subjectShiga-Toxigenic Escherichia colipt_PT
dc.subjectWhole Genome Sequencingpt_PT
dc.subjectFood Microbiologypt_PT
dc.subjectInfecções Gastrointestinaispt_PT
dc.titleLongitudinal Study of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milkpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue7pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPagee02910-18pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleApplied and Environmental Microbiologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume85pt_PT
rcaap.embargofctDe acordo com política editorial da revista.pt_PT
rcaap.rightsembargoedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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