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Hábitos tabágicos da população residente em Portugal com 15 e mais anos de idade: prevalências e fatores associados – análise dos dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde 2014
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Abstract(s)
O consumo de tabaco foi responsável, em Portugal, em 2013, pela morte de 12.350 pessoas (11% do total de mortes), das quais 410 devido a exposição passiva. É fundamental o conhecimento da extensão e das características do tabagismo, para o planeamento de intervenções dirigidas ao seu controlo.
Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando dados referentes às características socio-demográficas e aos hábitos tabágicos da população residente em Portugal com idade igual ou superior a 15 anos, colhidos pelo Inquérito Nacional de Saúde, aplicado em 2014 a uma amostra representativa de 22.538 indivíduos.
A prevalência estimada de fumadores atuais foi 20%, sendo maior nos homens (27,8%). Após ajustamento para as outras variáveis, no sexo masculino foi superior e estatisticamente significativa: no grupo etário dos 25-34 anos, na Região Autónoma dos Açores, nos desempregados e no 2º quintil de rendimento; no sexo feminino: no grupo etário dos 35-44 anos, no Algarve, nas desempregadas e nas divorciadas. A média estimada do número de cigarros fumados por dia foi maior nos homens (16 cigarros); a média estimada do início do consumo diário de tabaco foi menor nos homens (17 anos); a média estimada da duração do consumo nos ex-fumadores foi maior nos homens (22 anos); a maioria dos ex-fumadores tinha deixado de fumar sem nenhum apoio (92%) e a prevalência estimada de utilizadores de cigarro eletrónico foi maior nos homens (1,3%). A prevalência estimada de exposição passiva diária ao fumo de tabaco em não fumadores foi 6%, sendo superior e estatisticamente significativa no grupo etário dos 15-24 anos.
As associações encontradas apontam para grupos de indivíduos nos quais uma intervenção preventiva (seletiva) do consumo de tabaco é prioritária, além das intervenções universais.
Tobacco use was responsible, in Portugal, in 2013, for the death of 12,350 people (11% of all deaths), of which 410 due to passive exposure. Knowledge of the extent and characteristics of smoking is essential for planning interventions aimed at its control. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data on socio-demographic characteristics and smoking habits of the resident population in Portugal aged 15 years or over, collected by the National Health Survey, applied in 2014 to a representative sample of 22,538 individuals. The estimated prevalence of current smokers was 20% and higher in men (27.8%). After adjustment for other variables, in males it was higher and statistically significant: in the age group of 25-34 years, in the Azores, in the unemployed and in the 2nd quintile of income; in female it was higher: in the age group of 35-44 years, in the Algarve, in the unemployed and the divorcees. The estimated mean of the number of cigarettes smoked per day was higher in men (16 cigarettes); the estimated mean of the beginning age of daily smoking was lower in men (17 years); the estimated mean of the duration of consumption in former smokers was higher in men (22 years); most of the former smokers had quit smoking without any support (92%) and the estimated prevalence of electronic cigarette users was higher in men (1.3%). The estimated prevalence of daily passive exposure to tobacco smoke in non-smokers was 6%, and higher and statistically significant in the age group of 15-24 years. The results point to groups of individuals in which a (selective) preventive intervention of tobacco consumption is a priority, in addition to universal interventions.
Tobacco use was responsible, in Portugal, in 2013, for the death of 12,350 people (11% of all deaths), of which 410 due to passive exposure. Knowledge of the extent and characteristics of smoking is essential for planning interventions aimed at its control. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data on socio-demographic characteristics and smoking habits of the resident population in Portugal aged 15 years or over, collected by the National Health Survey, applied in 2014 to a representative sample of 22,538 individuals. The estimated prevalence of current smokers was 20% and higher in men (27.8%). After adjustment for other variables, in males it was higher and statistically significant: in the age group of 25-34 years, in the Azores, in the unemployed and in the 2nd quintile of income; in female it was higher: in the age group of 35-44 years, in the Algarve, in the unemployed and the divorcees. The estimated mean of the number of cigarettes smoked per day was higher in men (16 cigarettes); the estimated mean of the beginning age of daily smoking was lower in men (17 years); the estimated mean of the duration of consumption in former smokers was higher in men (22 years); most of the former smokers had quit smoking without any support (92%) and the estimated prevalence of electronic cigarette users was higher in men (1.3%). The estimated prevalence of daily passive exposure to tobacco smoke in non-smokers was 6%, and higher and statistically significant in the age group of 15-24 years. The results point to groups of individuals in which a (selective) preventive intervention of tobacco consumption is a priority, in addition to universal interventions.
Description
Relatório de estágio em Investigação epidemiológica em saúde pública no âmbito do Internato médico de saúde pública 2014/2018
Estágio realizado no Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (Responsável do Estágio: Prof. Dr. Baltazar Nunes, Departamento de Epidemiologia)
Estágio realizado no Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (Responsável do Estágio: Prof. Dr. Baltazar Nunes, Departamento de Epidemiologia)
Keywords
Tabaco Hábitos Tabágicos Prevalência Inquérito Nacional de Saúde Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença INS Saúde Pública Portugal Tobacco Smoking Habits Prevalence Portuguese Health Survey Portugal