DSA - Dissertações de mestrado
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- Life-course exposure and its influence on frailty syndromePublication . Lage, Bruna; Costa, Solange; Teixeira, João PauloOne area of health concern is reducing the burden of environmentally induced disease in populations that may be more susceptible to the effects of exposures to contaminants. The potential to reduce the prevalence of some major diseases is driving research to understand the totality of exposures over the course of our lifetimes. Older adults are well-recognized susceptible subpopulation. Health status in older adults is complex and multidimensional. One metric is frailty, a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, characterized by decreased physical and mental functioning and an increased risk for poor health outcomes. The European Commission has appointed Ageing one of the main priorities in the next Horizon 2020 Framework Program, the prevention of frailty in old age is one of the key actions identified. The aim of the present study is to build and apply a life-course exposure questionnaire and study the association with DNA basal damage and oxidative damage endpoints with frailty syndrome, contributing to the knowledge of the mechanistic pathways and syndrome aetiology. A total of 61 voluntary individuals aged 65 and over were involved in the study from senior recreational community associations and day care centres, located in metropolitan region of Oporto. Frailty assessment was performed using Fried’s frailty model and the individuals were classified as robust, pre-frail or frail. Life-time exposure was evaluated by a selfreported life-course exposure questionnaire and a job exposure matrix application. DNA basal damage and DNA oxidative damage endpoints were measured through comet assay in whole blood. Study population was classified as 47.5% robust, 49.2% pre-frail and 3.3% frail. A relation between the prevalence frailty with age and with gender was observed, with women and older elderly displaying higher rates of frailty. A relation between frailty status and secondhand smokers was found, since higher prevalence of exposure to tobacco smoke was found in pre-frail group (23.3%) when compared with the robust individuals (10.4%). Associations between frailty status and consumption of home-produced vegetables were found, with robust individuals consuming more home-produced vegetables (71.4%) from this source compared to pre-frail individuals (28.6%) that eat those aliments. Furthermore, associations between the consume of these vegetables and DNA damage in robust groups were found, since the robust individuals that include these aliments in their diet showing lower DNA damage than robust individuals that not consumption those aliments from particular produced sources. Regarding the effects of the variables studied, a significant influence was found on the genotoxic endpoints for gender and age within the robust group (p<0.05). Thus, significant differences were observed between the basal damage between robust females and males and between the oxidative damage between earlier age group and 75- 84 age group. Lastly, also a relation was verified between the role of current exposures and the DNA damage, regarding household-proximity to farming operation within the robust group. Thus, robust individuals that reported to live near of this activity have higher basal and oxidative damage than those robust individuals that do not live near farming operations (p<0.05). Data obtained provides preliminary information on relations between exposure, frailty syndrome and DNA damage. Further studies need to be performed in order to deepen the knowledge about frailty aetiology and the possible role of life-course exposures, helping to understand how the past may affect the future.