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- Effectiveness of long-acting monoclonal antibodies against laboratory-confirmed RSV in children aged < 24 months and hospitalised for severe acute respiratory infection, European pilot study, 2024 to 2025Publication . Savulescu, Camelia; Ganser, Iris; Nicolay, Nathalie; Lajot, Adrien; Campos, Sandra; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Vandromme, Mathil; Cara-Rodríguez, Marta; Echeverría, Aitziber; Gaio, Vânia; Parsy, Marie-Pierre; Garrido, Ana Roldan; Castilla, Jesús; Guiomar, Raquel; Bacci, Sabrina; Rose, Angela Mc; VEBIS hospital network RSV IE groupWe measured effectiveness of nirsevimab against laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a test-negative case-control study among children aged < 24 months hospitalised for severe acute respiratory infection in three European countries. The overall effectiveness in the 2024/25 season among 2,201 children was 79% (95% CI: 58 to 89) and 85%, 78% and 69% at < 30, 30-89 and 90-215 days since immunisation. Immunisation was effective for preventing RSV-related hospitalisation in children, but effectiveness by time since immunisation needs monitoring in future seasons.
- A scoping review of the health effects of fermented foods in specific human populations and their potential role in precision nutrition: current knowledge and gapsPublication . Humblot, Christèle; Alvanoudi, Panagiota; Alves, Emilia; Assunção, Ricardo; Belovic, Miona; Bulmus-Tuccar, Tugce; Chassard, Christophe; Derrien, Muriel; Fevzi Karagöz, Mustafa; Karakaya, Sibel; Laranjo, Marta; Th Mantzouridou, Fani; Rosado, Catarina; Pracer, Smilja; Saar, Helen; Tap, Julien; Treven, Primož; Vergères, Guy; Pertziger, Eugenia; Savary-Auzeloux, IsabelleBackground: Diets and specific foods have a significant impact on health, and individual responses to nutritional factors vary. This variability among humans can be considered a basis for developing personalized or precision nutrition. Fermented foods (FF) contain a wide range of macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and live or dead microorganisms. FF represent a diverse range of products and have garnered significant interest due to their potential health benefits. However, consistent evidence remains limited, possibly due to heterogeneity in individual responses. Objectives: The objective of this review is to assess and compile existing evidence on the variable responses of populations to FF and to determine whether FF could be integrated into a precision nutrition strategy. Design: Interventional and observational human studies were systematically collected. The publication identified the main factors likely to contribute to variable responses to FF across all health outcomes. The question was systematically addressed to assess the available evidence and identify knowledge gaps, guiding future research. A pragmatic approach was employed, following EFSA health claim guidelines, which require an assessment of food characteristics and mechanisms of action, as well as conducting a systematic search of human interventional studies. A similar approach was used to analyze data extracted from observational studies. The population included all humans (healthy and non-healthy, of all ages), encompassing both observational and interventional studies. The intervention consisted of the ingestion of any FF, while the control was defined as the absence or lower consumption of FF or consumption of a corresponding non-FF. Outcomes included all markers of the population's health status. Results: The main factors contributing to variable responses to FF across all health outcomes were related to initial phenotypic characteristics (biological sex, geographical origin, hormonal status, and age), baseline health status [metabolic syndrome [MetS], chronic metabolic pathologies, cancer, and psychological disorders], and genetic background. Additionally, since the gut microbiota is person-specific and influences metabolic responses, particular attention was paid to its functions and role in the variability of population responses to FF. Conclusion: Collectively, this review represents a first step toward evaluating the feasibility of using FF in tailored nutritional strategies.
- MODY em Contexto Clínico: Impacto do Diagnóstico Genético na Tomada de Decisão TerapêuticaPublication . Vaz, Margarida; Gaspar, Gisela; Dario, Paulo; Bourbon, MafaldaA diabetes monogénica representa 1–5% dos casos de diabetes, destacando-se o subtipo MODY, causado por variantes em 14 genes, dos quais GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B e HNF4A são os mais comuns. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar casos de diabetes tipo MODY, apoiar a decisão clínica e detetar familiares em risco. Foram analisados 79 casos índex de várias regiões de Portugal e 45 familiares, através de sequenciação por PCR dos quatro genes principais e pesquisa de grandes rearranjos por MLPA. Variantes patogénicas ou provavelmente patogénicas foram encontradas em 48% dos casos índex, e 29 familiares receberam também o diagnóstico de MODY, sendo o gene GCK o mais frequentemente afetado. Até agora, 67 indivíduos foram identificados com variantes causadoras de MODY. A ausência de variantes em metade dos casos índex pode dever-se à não análise de todos os genes associados ou a etiologia poligénica. O diagnóstico molecular revelou-se essencial para orientar a terapêutica personalizada nestes doentes.
- Comparing the nutritional composition and quality of plant-based foods. A cross-market studyPublication . Brazão, Roberto; Batista, Rita; Fernandes, Paulo; Lopes, Andreia; Dias, Maria da GraçaBackground: The growing demand for healthier, sustainable, and eco-friendly foods has led to the rise of plant-based processed foods (PBF). Although plant-based diets are regarded as healthful, the prevalence of these products in processed/ultra-processed forms rises concerns about their nutritional quality and potential adverse health impacts. This study assed the nutritional composition and quality of PBF in the Portuguese market (PTm), by comparing their nutritional profiles with established reference values (RVs), as well as with animal-origin foods (AOF) from PTm, and equivalent products from the UK market (UKm). The goal is to contribute to the promotion of healthier food choices, and provide insights to inform public health policies. Methods: Collection and comparison of the nutritional data of PBF and AOF in PTm and UKm. These were compared within and between markets, as well as with the RVs of Integrated Strategy for the Promotion of Healthy Eating (EIPAS) and of Directorate-General of Health Label Decoder (DGS-LD). Results: A total of 1170 PBF and 2452 AOF were analysed. 92.9% PBF in PTm, and 95.4% in UKm exceeded EIPAS RVs for sugars and salt when jointly evaluated. PBF often had higher energy, carbohydrates, and fibre but lower levels of fat, saturates and protein than AOF. According to the DGS-LD, 17.7%, 18.1%, and 29.0% of PBF in PTm, and 18.4%, 22.6%, and 26.7% in UKm had high levels of fat, saturates, and salt, respectively. Conclusions: Nutritional variability was observed across multiples parameters within and between food categories, product types and markets. While some PBF had lower fat and saturates than AOF, many showed higher energy, carbohydrates and salt, with the majority failing to meet EIPAS RVs. These findings reinforce the need of public health policies and consumer awareness initiatives regarding PBF, including measures on food (re)formulation, labeling, taxation of unhealthy products, potential marketing restrictions, and food literacy. Main messages: PBF have highly variable nutritional composition and quality. Some offer better profiles than AOF, but many are high in fat, sugars, and salt. Consumer awareness and regulatory actions are needed to promote healthier food choices.
- Indoor Air Quality in Day Care CentresPublication . Cano, ManuelaThe growing concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) results from the knowledge that exposure to indoor air pollutants may be higher than outdoor air exposure. In developed countries, after their homes, day care centres are the places where children spend most of their time, so it is essential to understand how environmental factors influence children health. The objectives of the ENVIRH study (2010-2012) were to assess IAQ in naturally ventilated day care centres and kindergartens located in urban centres, study the correlations between indoor air pollutants and explore differences in the associations between building characteristics and IAQ in spring and winter. Most of the day care centres revealed carbon dioxide and bacterial levels above the reference levels defined by the Portuguese legislation, Indoor PM10 levels were higher indoors when compared with outdoor levels (I/O ratio>1) and are influenced by the floor covering materials. Recent changes to indoor air quality regulations, implemented in 2020, require a simplified assessment of indoor air quality in nurseries and kindergartens, with the determination of carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM10/ PM2.5). The results of some recently conducted simplified annual assessments will be presented and discussed.