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- Mycobacterium appelbergii sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from a Drinking Water Fountain in a Rural CommunityPublication . Roxo, Inês Cravo; Alarico, Susana; Fonseca, Ana; Machado, Daniela; Maranha, Ana; Tiago, Igor; Duarte, Raquel; Empadinhas, NunoThree isolates of a novel, rapidly growing, non-pigmented Mycobacterium species were recovered from the water and runoff of a public fountain in a rural village in central Portugal, formerly used by the local population as a source of drinking water and not accessible to animals. High-quality draft genome sequencing, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that isolates 21AC1T, 21AC14, and 21AC21 represent a previously undescribed species within the genus Mycobacterium, forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage closely related to Mycobacterium wolinskyi, Mycobacterium goodii and Mycobacterium smegmatis. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the type strain 21AC1T revealed a unique spectral profile. A comprehensive polyphasic characterization was performed, including chemotaxonomic analyses of fatty acid and mycolic acid composition, as well as an extensive biochemical characterization. Their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials was also assessed. The identification and characterization of novel nontuberculous mycobacteria species are of increasing environmental and clinical relevance, as infections by these opportunistic pathogens are on the rise globally. Based on our findings, we propose that isolates 21AC1T, 21AC14, and 21AC21 represent a novel species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium appelbergii sp. nov., with the type strain designated as 21AC1T (=BCCM/ITM 501212 = DSM 113570) and the additional two strains as 21AC14 (=BCCM/ITM 501447 = DSM 118402) and 21AC21 (=BCCM/ITM 501448 = DSM 118403).
- Acute flaccid myelitis in Europe between 2016 and 2023: indicating the need for better registrationPublication . Helfferich, Jelte; Calvo, Cristina; Alpeter, Ekkehardt; Andrés, Cristina; Antón, Andrés; Aubart, Melodie; Bova, Stefania Maria; Cabrerizo, Maria; von Eije, Karin; Fabiola, Stollar; Felipe, Ana; Iordanova, Ralitsa; Thomsen, Marianne Kragh; Knudsen, Per Kristian; van Loenen, Freek; Lopez, Noemi; Mirand, Audrey; Molenkamp, Richard; Midgley, Sofie; Neves, Raquel; Glomb, Lubomira Nikolaeva; Øverbø, Joakim; Öztürk, Gülten; Palminha, Paula; Viekilde Pfeiffer, Helle Cecilie; Prochazka, Birgit; Ribeiro, Carlos; Rodesch, Martine; Schuffenecker, Isabelle; Shetty, Jay; Siegert, Sandy; Solberg, Silje Lae; Sulik, Artur; Türkdoğan, Dilşad; Ünver, Olcay; Verweij, Jaco; Vila, Jorgina; Vuorinen, Tytti; Wickström, Ronny; Fischer, Thea K.; Harvala, Heli; Benschop, Kimberley S.M.Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare polio-like condition affecting mainly children and characterised by severe, often persistent, weakness. It is one of several causes of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), which manifests as acute onset of limb weakness and reduced muscle tone. Some non-polio enteroviruses (EV), such as EV-D68 may cause AFM. Little is known about AFM incidence in Europe.AimWe aimed to better understand AFM incidence, aetiology and current surveillance policies in Europe.MethodsIn 28 countries, members of the European non-polio enterovirus network (ENPEN) and a newly established AFM network of clinicians under ENPEN received a survey asking them how AFM surveillance was performed in their countries in 2016-2023 and the numbers of AFM cases including those diagnosed with EV-D68 infection during this period.ResultsSurveillance information was obtained for 16 countries. In eight countries, AFP surveillance initiated for poliomyelitis eradication was still ongoing, while non-polio AFM cases were only systematically reported in Norway. The survey revealed 130 AFM cases for 14 countries, with 48 (37%) EV-D68-laboratory-confirmed. Among the AFM cases, 70% (n = 91) occurred in 2016, 2018 and 2022, when EV-D68 circulation increased.ConclusionsThis report provides some indication of AFM case numbers in Europe since 2016. However, as 15 of 16 countries with AFM monitoring information lacked structural AFM surveillance, numbers should be interpreted with caution. Knowing AFM incidence matters to determine its impact and detect future outbreaks. Thus, the newly established clinical network will develop a European AFM repository.