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- Oral health behavior associated with cardiometabolic outcomes: A nationally representative cross-sectional study in PortugalPublication . Santos, Maria; Gaio, Vânia; Matias Dias, CarlosBackground: Oral diseases are associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors (tooth brushing and oral health appointments) with cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: Data from the First National Health Examination Survey were used. Participants aged 25-74 years and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (n = 4442), stroke (n = 4441), hypertension (n = 4450) and diabetes (n = 4327) were analyzed. A fifth subsample (n = 2555) included participants aged 40-69 for calculating cardiovascular risk. Poor oral health behavior was defined as brushing once a day or less and having the last oral health appointment at 12 months or more. Poisson regression models assessed the relationship between poor oral health behavior and these cardiometabolic outcomes. Results: Among 4.450 participants, 20.5 % had poor oral health behavior. A statistically significant association was found between poor oral health behavior with diabetes (PR: 1.44 [95 % CI: 1.10-1.98], and high/very high cardiovascular risk (PR: 1.42 [95 % CI: 1.25-1.62]). In the sensitivity analysis the association with diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk persisted when considering only brushing behavior but not when considering only oral health appointments at 12 months or more. Conclusions: Individuals with poor oral health behavior had a higher prevalence of diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk. Sensitivity analysis suggested that regular tooth brushing may be the main behavior for preventing diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The results suggest that regular tooth brushing may act in prevention for diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
- Re‐evaluation of citric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow‐up of its re‐evaluationPublication . EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF); Castle, Laurence; Andreassen, Monica; Aquilina, Gabriele; Bastos, Maria Lourdes; Boon, Polly; Fallico, Biagio; FitzGerald, Reginald; Frutos-Fernandez, Maria Jose; Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina; Gundert-Remy, Ursula; Gürtler, Rainer; Houdeau, Eric; Kurek, Marcin; Louro, Henriqueta; Passamonti, Sabina; Wölfle, Detlef; Dusemund, Birgit; Turck, Dominique; Barmaz, Stefania; Tard, Alexandra; Rincon, Ana MariaCitric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) was re‐evaluated in 2020 by the Food Additives and Flavourings Panel (FAF Panel) along with acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a,b,d,e,f). As a follow‐up to this assessment, the FAF Panel was requested to assess the safety of citric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) for its use as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories (FCs) 13.1.1 (Infant formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the recommendation of the re‐evaluation of E 472c as a food additive to update the EU specifications in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. For this, a call for data was published to allow interested partied to provide the requested information for a risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 472c. Regarding the safety of the use of E 472c in food for infants below 16 weeks of age, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from its use at the reported use levels and at the maximum permitted levels in food for infants below 16 weeks of age (FCs 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1).