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- Maternal age and the prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 1995–2015: A register‐based studyPublication . Mamasoula, Chrysovalanto; Bigirumurame, Theophile; Chadwick, Thomas; Addor, Marie‐Claude; Cavero‐Carbonell, Clara; Matias Dias, Carlos; Echevarría‐González‐de‐Garibay, Luis‐Javier; Gatt, Miriam; Khoshnood, Babak; Klungsoyr, Kari; Randall, Kay; Stoianova, Sylvia; Haeusler, Martin; Nelen, Vera; Neville, Amanda J.; Perthus, Isabelle; Pierini, Anna; Bertaut‐Nativel, Bénédicte; Rissmann, Anke; Rouget, Florence; Schaub, Bruno; Tucker, David; Wellesley, Diana; Zymak‐Zakutnia, Natalya; Barisic, Ingeborg; de Walle, Hermien E.K.; Lanzoni, Monica; Sayers, Gerardine; Mullaney, Carmel; Pennington, Lindsay; Rankin, JudithBackground: Evidence on the direction and strength of association between maternal age and the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in different age group categories is conflicting. Some studies have illustrated different trends with an increase in prevalence in younger and older age groups while other studies have reported a linear relationship. Given the increase in maternal age over recent years, it is important to study the CHD prevalence by maternal age. Objectives: To examine the association between maternal age and the prevalence of CHD in Europe between 1995 and 2015 using population-based data from 24 registries belonging to the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) network. Methods: Associations over time of all nonsyndromic CHD according to maternal age category and for three CHD severity groupings (severity group I: very severe; severity group II: severe; severity group III: less severe) were examined using Bayesian multilevel Poisson regression modeling. Further subgroup analyses were undertaken within four maternal age-bands: ≤24, 25–29, 30–34 and 35–44 years. Descriptive summaries are also presented. Results: There were 51,608 nonsyndromic CHD cases in Europe over the 20-year study period. Total prevalence for all CHD combined was increased for younger mothers (≤24 years) and for mothers 35–44 years of age when compared with mothers aged 25–29 years (reference group) (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). The total prevalence was increased for severity group I (very severe) only for younger mothers compared to those aged 25–29 years (IRR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). We found an increased prevalence of the following CHD subtypes: double outlet right ventricle (IRR:1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.60), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (IRR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.32), hypoplastic right heart syndrome (IRR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.84), atrioventricular septal defect (IRR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32), coarctation of aorta (IRR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.28) and atrial septal defect (IRR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). For older mothers (35–44 years) compared to the reference category, we observed an increased risk in the prevalence for severity group II (IRR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14), severity group III (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) and an increased prevalence of the CHD subtypes: Pulmonary valve stenosis (IRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.34), ASD (IRR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13), CoA (IRR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.32) and Tetralogy of Fallot (IRR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28). Finally, for all age categories compared to the reference category, different associations of ASD and an increased prevalence of CoA was also observed. Conclusions: Based on data for cases of CHD from 24 European populationbased registries, evidence of a positive association between maternal age and the total prevalence of CHD for younger (≤24 years old) and older (35–44 years old) mothers was observed. The results suggest that young maternal age (≤24 years old) is a factor associated with severe CHD phenotypes while a positive association between advanced maternal age (35–44 years old) and mild CHD phenotypes was observed.
- Pla Films Loaded with Green Tea and Rosemary Polyphenolic Extracts as an Active Packaging for Almond and BeefPublication . Andrade, Mariana; Barbosa, Cássia; Cerqueira, Miguel; Azevedo, Ana Gabriela; Barros, Carolina; Machado, Ana Vera; Coelho, Anabela; Furtado, Rosália; Belo Correia, Cristina; Saraiva, Margarida; Vilarinho, Fernanda; Sanches Silva, Ana; Ramos, FernandoAbstract: The antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compounds of extracts from Green Tea and Rosemary was determined. RE presented a higher antioxidant capacity and higher content of TPC and flavonoids than GTE. While the main phenolic compounds identified in RE were carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid, in GTE were catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, rutin and gallic acid. Active PLA films were prepared by the incorporation of GTE and RE at different percentages, followed by the evaluation of their properties. Afterwards, almonds and beef were selected as model foodstuff and packaged with active PLA films.PLA with 4 % of GTE presented a higher WVP and opacity, while PLA with 4% (w/w) of RE presented the highest O2 permeability. PLA with 2 and 4 % (w/w) of GTE presented the highest DPPH inhibition percentage and the highest total content in phenolic compounds and flavonoids at the end of 10 days (at 40 °C), in contact with a fatty food simulant. Regarding the almond packaged with the active films, PLA films with 2 and 4 % of RE were the most effective in the reduction of oxidation, allowing to obtain the lowest malonaldehyde (MDA) content and the lowest peroxides, at the end of 60 days of storage at room temperature. In addition, PLA with GTE and RE inhibited the formation of MDA content in beef stored for 11 days at 4 °C. This study shows that these PLA active packages can contribute for delaying lipid oxidation in foodstuffs with high fat content.
- Aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguinsPublication . Melo, Aryse Martins; Poester, Vanice Rodrigues; Trápaga, Mariana Rodrigues; Stevens, David A.; Canabarro, Paula Lima; Adornes, Andréa Corrado; da Silva, Andrine Paiva; Estima, Sérgio Curi; Frere, Esteban; Sabino, Raquel; Xavier, Melissa OrzechowskiWe evaluated the mortality due to aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins during their migration and the reproductive season. A total of 98 carcasses of penguins were collected along 370 km of coastline in Southern Brazil, between June 2017 and October 2019, and from reproductive colonies in Patagonian Argentina, in January 2019. All animals were necropsied, and only proven cases were computed. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 2.5% of the penguins evaluated during their migration route. Our study, of the Southern coast of Brazil, is the first to demonstrate that aspergillosis is an important cause of mortality in free-ranging penguins. The implications of these findings in the One Health context are discussed