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- Childhood overweight and obesity abatement policies in EuropePublication . Wickramasinghe, Kremlin; Chatterjee, Saion; Williams, Julianne; Weber, Martin W.; Rito, Ana Isabel; Rippin, Holly; Breda, JoãoOver the past two decades, a concerted effort to combat the rising tide of childhood overweight and obesity has taken shape. The World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity (ECHO) provides recommendations for six priority areas of action, including the promotion of healthy food consumption, promotion of physical activity, preconception and pregnancy care, early childhood diet and physical activity, healthy nutrition and physical activity for school-aged children, and community-based weight management. This paper provides a snapshot of policies and measures aligned to these areas of action within the WHO European Region in order to encourage other countries to make similar efforts. Examples are drawn from Portugal (sugar-sweetened beverage tax, integrated nutrition strategy), the United Kingdom (soft drink levy, active commuting programs, urban design principles), Lithuania (prohibition of energy drinks), Norway (industry and government partnerships to promote healthier foods, nutrition education curriculum for schools), Hungary (tax subsidies to promote healthy diets), the European Union (cross-border marketing regulations, preconception and pregnancy care), Slovenia (food marketing restrictions), Spain (marketing restrictions within educational settings), Poland (investing in sports infrastructure), Russia (increasing sports participation), Estonia (redevelopment of the physical education curriculum), Netherlands (preconception and pregnancy care), Croatia (conditions to support breastfeeding), Austria (perinatal and early childhood nutrition), Czechia (life-course strategy), San Marino (nutrition and physical activity for school-aged children), Ukraine (potable water for schools), Ireland and Italy (community-based weight management approaches). Our findings suggest that a large disparity exists among the type and breadth of policies adopted by Member States, with a mix of single-issue policy responses and more cohesive strategies. The role of data, implementation research, and ongoing surveillance of country-level progress related to childhood overweight and obesity policies are discussed as an essential part of the iterative process of policy development. Additional work to systematically gather context-specific information on policy development, implementation, and reach according to ECHO's six areas of action by WHO European Region countries will inform future policy paradigms within the region.
- Methodology and implementation of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)Publication . Breda, João; McColl, Karen; Buoncristiano, Marta; Williams, Julianne; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Akhmedova, Dilorom; Bakacs, Márta; Boer, Jolanda M.A.; Boymatova, Khadichamo; Brinduse, Lacramioara Aurelia; Cucu, Alexandra; Duleva, Vesselka; Endevelt, Ronit; Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Fijałkowska, Anna; Hadžiomeragić, Aida Filipović; García‐Solano, Marta; Grøholt, Else Karin; Gualtieri, Andrea; Hassapidou, Maria; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hyska, Jolanda; Kelleher, Cecily C.; Kujundžić, Enisa; Mäki, Päivi; Markidou Ioannidou, Eliza; Melkumova, Marina; Moyersoen, Isabelle; Milanović, Sanja Musić; Nurk, Eha; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Petrauskienė, Aušra; Pudule, Iveta; Rito, Ana Isabel; Russell Jonsson, Kenisha; Rutter, Harry; Salanave, Benoît; Seyidov, Nabil; Shengelia, Lela; Silitrari, Natalia; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Starc, Gregor; Stojisavljević, Dragana; Tanrygulyyeva, Maya; Tichá, Ľubica; Usupova, Zhamilya; Weghuber, Daniel; Yardim, Nazan; Zamrazilová, Hana; Zbanatskyi, Vladyslav; Branca, Francesco; Weber, Martin; Rakovac, IvoEstablishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, andaccurate data on children's weight status—through standardized measurement ofbodyweight and height—in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietaryintake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and schoolenvironments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the EuropeanRegion have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI,data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instrumentsand procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables inter-country comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness,overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore,it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and poten-tial risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development ofoverweight and obesity in European primary-school children in order to supportappropriate and effective policy responses.
- EVITA – Epidemiologia e Vigilância dos Traumatismos e Acidentes: relatório 2020Publication . Alves, Tatiana; Braz, Paula; Rodrigues, Emanuel; Mexia, Ricardo; Neto, Mariana; Matias Dias, CarlosO registo dos Acidentes Domésticos e de Lazer (ADL), realizado no contexto das urgências das entidades de saúde hospitalares do Serviço Nacional de Saúde assenta no sistema EVITA - Epidemiologia e Vigilância dos Traumatismos e Acidentes. Este sistema é coordenado pelo Departamento de Epidemiologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge desde 2000, contando com a colaboração com os Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde. O sistema EVITA é um instrumento de observação em saúde que permite a monitorização dos ADL. Tem como objetivos principais: i) Fornecer informação essencial sobre a epidemiologia dos ADL em Portugal; ii) Manter um sistema de vigilância que permita a caracterização dos ADL, a identificação das situações de risco, os agentes envolvidos, bem como, os produtos perigosos que propiciem a ocorrência de ADL. Definem-se como ADL todos os acidentes cuja causa direta não seja doença, acidente de viação, acidente de trabalho ou violência. No presente relatório os resultados apresentados reportam-se aos dados recolhidos pelo sistema EVITA entre 1 de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2020, tendo sido submetidos a uma análise descritiva. Neste período, o sistema recolheu 188 164 episódios de ADL. A distribuição destes acidentes por sexo revelou proporções idênticas entre os dois sexos. Porém, entre os 0 e 54 anos observou-se uma maior proporção de ADL no sexo masculino. Durante o período em análise, a habitação (61,8%) correspondeu ao local onde mais frequentemente ocorreram ADL. De entre os mecanismos da lesão que mais contribuíram para o número de ADL as quedas destacaram-se com uma proporção de 70,1%.