Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-05-06"
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- Human health risk–benefit assessment of fish and other seafood: a scoping reviewPublication . Thomsen, S.T.; Assunção, Ricardo; Afonso, C.; Boué, G.; Cardoso, C.; Cubadda, F.; Garre, A.; Kruisselbrink, J.; Mantovani, A.; Pitter, J.; Poulsen, M.; Verhagen, H.; Ververis, E.; van der Voet, H.; Watzl, B.; Pires, S.Fish and other seafood are important sources of nutrients, but they are also sources of chemical contaminants that may cause adverse health effects. This article aimed to identify existing risk–benefit assessments (RBA) of fish, shellfish, and other seafood, compare methodologies, discuss differences and commonalities in findings, and identify limitations and ways forward for future studies. We conducted a scoping review of the scientific literature of studies in all languages published from 2000 through April 2019. We identified 106 RBA of fish and other seafood across Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, and at the global level. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of types of fish and other seafood considered, beneficial and adverse compounds assessed, and overall methodology. Collected data showed that a diet consisting of a variety of lean and fatty fish and other seafood is recommended for the overall population and that women of childbearing age and children should limit the consumption of fish and other seafood types that have a high likelihood of contamination. Our review emphasizes the need for evidence-based, up-to-date, and harmonized approaches in RBA in general.
- Genomics of adverse drug reactionsPublication . Cardoso, Maria LuísAdverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination have been hotly debated since the beginning of this year. However, despite the general interest on COVID-19 vaccines adverse events, they are much less frequent than adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring with other classes of drugs. ADRs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality with high economic, personal and societal consequences. The susceptibility of experiencing such events is dependent on environmental, clinical and genetic factors. There has been significant progress in the context of ADRs investigation. Most of the genes currently studied code for metabolizing enzymes or transporters that influence drugs pharmacokinetics. The identification of variants in these genes allows the categorization of patients as poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultra-fast metabolizers. To a lesser extent, the genes coding for drug targets, pharmacodynamics, are also examined. Recent studies have revealed associations between some human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and predisposition to immune-mediated ADRs too. Genomic testing can help to predict and prevent ADRs, improving the benefit /risk ratio of drug therapy. We expect that our research will contribute with important evidence and tools to promote pharmacogenomics use in healthcare system for ADRs prevention.