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  • Exposure to Fungi in Health Care Facilities
    Publication . Sabino, Raquel
    The number of nosocomial fungal infections is increasing due to several factors, but especially due to the higher number of immunocompromised patients, advances in medicine such as the increasing number of invasive procedures and treatments and longer stays within health care facilities. Air and surfaces of those facilities, health-care workers’ hands, and contaminated medical products are some of the main sources of fungi and associated with nosocomial infection. Aspergillus and Candida species are responsible for the majority of the cases of nosocomial fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. However, other fungi have emerged, namely Fusarium species, Pseudallescheria boydii, species belonging to the subphylum Mucormicotina, and yeasts like Malassezia or Saccharomyces. Some of these emerging pathogens are, in some cases, resistant to the available antifungals, potentiating the threat of novel fungal diseases. In this chapter, some of these etiological agents, associated infections, transmission routes and potential sources of infection in health care facilities will be discussed. In addition, collection procedures and new methods of laboratory analysis will also be mentioned.
    2020-05-27Capítulo de livro Acesso restrito Ver mais
  • Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota from Fresh Poultry Meat Imported to Portugal
    Publication . Silveira, Leonor; Nunes, Alexandra; Pista, Ângela; Isidro, Joana; Belo Correia, Cristina; Saraiva, Margarida; Batista, Rita; Castanheira, Isabel; Machado, Jorge; Gomes, João Paulo
    Salmonella enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota frequently display several genetic mobile elements making them potential spreaders of resistance genes. Here, we phenotypically determined the antibiotic resistance profile and subsequently performed whole-genome sequencing on 36 isolates recovered from samples of fresh poultry meat, within the Portuguese Official Inspection Plan for Imported Foodstuffs. Several isolates of both serovars showed high genetic relatedness either with isolates from raw poultry meat imported to the Netherlands from Brazil or with isolates from samples from the broiler production chain in Brazil. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) character was common to the vast majority (94.4%) of isolates from both serovars, and several isolates carried the plasmid IncA/C2 containing the β-lactamase gene blaCMY-2 and IncX1 containing a type IV secretion system. These results somehow mirror the scenario observed in the Netherlands, showing the introduction, through fresh imported poultry meat in compliance with European legislation, of MDR Salmonella enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota in Europe, with the potential spread of resistance markers. These data suggest the need to revise the hygiene criteria for foodstuffs monitoring before its placement on the market, with the determination of the resistome being an invaluable contribute to limit the dissemination of resistance markers.
    2020-05-27Artigo científico Acesso restrito Ver mais