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- The first case of type F botulism, in PortugalPublication . Teixeira Lopes, Teresa; Saraiva, Margarida; Bastos Moura, Isabel; Militão, André; Santos Ribeiro, Rosa; Coelho, Adelaide; Orta Gomes, Carlos; Costa Bonito, Conceição; Pena, Cláudia; Campos Cunha, Isabel; Sousa, Isabel; Toscano, Maria Manuel; Soares, Elsa; Tavares, António; Calhau, Maria AntóniaThe first case in Portugal of type F botulism was identified in July 2016. Type F botulinum toxin (BoNT/F) was detected and a BoNT/F producing strain was isolated in the stool of a patient with clinical signs of botulism. Worldwide, few cases of type F botulism have been reported in adults. Most cases of botulism described in humans have been caused by toxins of type A, B or E. The microorganisms that have been identified as producers of toxin F are C. botulinum and C. baratii. Ingestion of contaminated food or, more rarely, wound infection, toxin production in the intestinal tract if immunologically immature (infant botulism) or intestinal colonization in the adult, can produce the clinical syndrome of botulism.