Percorrer por autor "Rego, A."
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- Mackerel seasonality effect on Se contentPublication . Rego, A.; Ventura, M.; Gueifão, S.; Coelho, I.; Cardoso, C.; Afonso, C.; Bandarra, N.; Castanheira, I.Selenium is an essential micronutrient that can become toxic when ingested in high concentrations The human being can obtain Se through the consumption of food, dietary supplements, water and exposure to ambient air The food source is the most abundant and the main contributor to the daily intake of Se in Fish is one of the best sources of Se, and the Portuguese Mackerel is one of the most important and abundant species in Portugal It is rich in several vitamins and Se, due to being a predator The work presented integrates part of the first task of the project Newfood 4 thought that aims at the prevention of cognitive decline through nutrient combination. The aim is to study of the influence of seasonality in the levels of Se in Mackerel samples collected throughout the year. With the exception of May, Se content in mackerel remained constant throughout the year The high Se content found in May samples may be related to mackerel ´ s spawning season and feeding habits However, further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary conclusions, namely studying the Se content monthly for several years
- Seasonal variation of chub mackerel (Scomber colias) selenium and vitamin B12 content and its potential role in human healthPublication . Rego, A.; Coelho, I.; Motta, C.; Cardoso, C.; Gomes-Bispo, A.; Afonso, C.; Prates, J.A.M.; Bandarra, N.M.; Silva, J.A.L.; Castanheira, I.Chub mackerel (Scomber colias), an underutilised fish species, has been identified as an excellent source of selenium and vitamin B12, which may prevent and delay cognitive decline and dementia. Given these nutrients’ contents seasonal variability, a complete monthly sampling, involving a specifically adjusted methodology for the determination of vitamin B12 (LC-MS/MS) and its main vitamers and a sensitive analytical technique (ICPMS) for Se, was carried out. Regarding total vitamin B12 in the chub mackerel muscle, its content varied from 10.0 ± 1.0 μg/100 g in February to 18.9 ± 1.9 μg/100 g in August. It was also shown that methylcobalamin content ranged from 1.12 ± 0.43 (March) to 6.77 ± 0.80 μg/100 g (August), a sixfold increase. Hydroxocobalamin content varied between 3.49 ± 0.12 (February) and 9.62 ± 0.41 μg/100 g (August). The content of Se also had seasonal variability, ranging from 451 ± 14 μg/kg (December) to 606 ± 11 μg/kg (July). In the worst-case scenario, a weekly 160 g meal of this fish would almost guarantee B12 requirements. Three weekly 160 g meals of S. colias would cover, at least, 56% of the Se requirements. Therefore, as first explored here, it is highly relevant a complete, year-round assessment of the chub mackerel’s nutritional value, in order to elaborate finely tuned dietary recommendations.
- Seasonality as experienced in the market and the resulting variation in the amino acid and elemental composition of chub mackerel (Scomber colias)Publication . Motta, C.; Rego, A.; Cardoso, C.; Coelho, I.; Gomes-Bispo, A.; Afonso, C.; Prates, J.A.M.; Castanheira, I.; Bandarra, N.Chub mackerel (Scomber colias) is an underutilised fish species, abundant in the Atlantic Ocean. Its amino acid profile and elemental composition are still insufficiently studied. Accordingly, these aspects were studied on a monthly basis. The most abundant essential amino acids, lysine and leucine, had contents ranging from 1270 ± 40 mg/100 g in August to 1820 ± 96 mg/100 g in November and from 1210 ± 36 mg/100 g in August to 1570 ± 20 mg/100 g in March, respectively. The other essential amino acids’ contents varied between 500 and 1200 mg/ 100 g. Essential amino acids represented between 41.9 % and 44.6 % of all amino acids. As a result of high histidine content in S. colias, three weekly meals (160 g/meal) guarantee all human histidine requirements. Regarding elemental composition, K was the most abundant, varying its content between 331 ± 3 mg/100 g and 499 ± 4 mg/100 g. The other studied elements’ order of abundance was P > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe > Zn. Under optimal conditions, consumption of a 160 g daily meal of S. colias may provide at most 20 % of the Fe and 30 % of the Zn requirements. Therefore, though not an outstanding Fe and Zn source, S. colias can give a significant contribution to these elements’ requirements
- Towards Safer Insect-Based Feed and Food: Toxicokinetics of Cadmium, Arsenic and Lead in the Black Soldier Fly LarvaePublication . Alvito, P.; Prodana, M.; Silva, A.R.; Mostafaie, A.; Pinto, J.; Verissimo, P.; Coelho, I.; Rego, A.; Brooks, B.; Loureiro, S.; Cardoso, D.Insects are rich in protein, lipids, and other nutrients, and they possess an exceptionally efficient bioconversion capacity. Besides these benefits, a significant advantage, particularly within the context of a circular bioeconomy, is their ability to utilize a wide range of food sources in rearing facilities, including residual biomass, thereby avoiding competition with key food commodities (e.g., wheat and soybean). However, before utilizing alternative feedstocks such as bio-waste, it is crucial to ensure the safety of these insects as food and feed. This study aimed to assess the uptake and elimination of common contaminants—cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb)—by the larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) from feed substrates. A two-phase bioaccumulation study was conducted: a 5-day uptake phase where larvae were fed a contaminated substrate, followed by a 5-day elimination phase with a clean substrate. The substrate used was the Gainesville diet, spiked with cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) at concentrations of 2 mg/kg for Cd and As, and 10 mg/kg for Pb, based on EU regulatory limits for feed. The control group consisted of organisms exposed to clean substrate during the 10-day experiment. A 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod and a temperature of 25±2°C were maintained during the exposure. Daily sampling was carried out, followed by a 12-hour depuration time, and lyophilization. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for metal quantification. Data from both the uptake and elimination phases were used for toxicokinetic modelling. The kinetic bioaccumulation factors were 1.21 for As, 1.45 for Pb, and 6.13 for Cd. Results indicated that the larvae accumulated these metals at concentrations exceeding the permissible levels (2 and/or 10 mg/kg dry substrate). The highest uptake rate was for Cd, followed by As and Pb. However, larvae reached safe internal concentrations for use as food for other animals after being moved to a clean substrate during: 2 days for As, 4 days for Pb, and 5 days for Cd. Fromt the obtained results, we recommend implementing this depuration period after exposure to bio-waste, although the duration should be adapted depending on the particular contaminants involved. Toxicokinetic studies are valuable for assessing the safety of insects for feed and food, and they can be useful tools to define the conditions that will assure sustainable use of insects in bio-waste management.