Browsing by Author "Kortenkamp, Andreas"
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- Avaliação do risco da mistura de crómio hexavalente, níquel e hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos a partir de dados de exposição ocupacional extraídos da literaturaPublication . Tavares, Ana Maria; Viegas, Susana; Louro, Henriqueta; Goen, Thomas; Santonen, Tiina; Luijten, Mirjam; Kortenkamp, Andreas; Silva, Maria JoãoNa maioria dos contextos laborais ocorre, em geral, exposição a misturas de substâncias químicas. Este estudo, inserido na iniciativa HBM4EU, visou avaliar o risco de exposição a misturas de crómio hexavalente [Cr ( VI ) ], níquel (Ni ) e/ou hicrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs ) a partir de dados de exposição reportados em estudos realizados em várias indústrias na Europa. Para a avaliação do risco de misturas binárias (Cr e Ni ) e ternárias (Cr, Ni e HAPs ) calcularam-se os Quocientes de Risco (QR) e a Soma dos Quocientes de Risco (SQR) a partir dos dados de biomonitorização humana (BMH) e de medições dessas substâncias no ar. É geralmente aceite que um valor de QR ou SQR superior a 1 indica um risco acrescido para a saúde. Para a maioria das medições de exposição a partir de biomarcadores urinários obtiveram-se valores médios de SQR>1, sendo que os respetivos QR calculados para cada uma das substâncias individuais por vezes não excederam os valores limite (QR<1). Estes resultados mostram não só que existe um risco acrescido para a saúde decorrente da coexposição a estas substâncias em contexto ocupacional, como também que esse risco é frequentemente subestimado no processo clássico de avaliação de risco substância a substância. Com este estudo demonstrou-se a relevância de avaliar o risco decorrente da exposição a misturas, particularmente com base em dados de BMH, sendo esta uma abordagem mais realista do contexto ocupacional e que permite uma melhor caracterização do risco com vista a uma proteção mais eficaz da saúde dos trabalhadores.
- A case study on occupational exposure to Chromium (VI), Nickel, PAH mixtures and lung cancer.Publication . Silva, Maria João; Louro, Henriqueta; Viegas, Susana; Gomes, Bruno Costa; Santonen, Tiina; Kortenkamp, Andreas; Lebret, ErikBackground: In several industries, e.g., aircrafts maintenance, workers are co-exposed to a range of hazardous substances, including hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], nickel (Ni) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Each of these compounds can cause serious health effects, including lung cancer. However, the association between exposure and health outcome has not been analysed from a mixture perspective, i.e., considering the potential interactive effects of those substances as determinants of lung cancer. Here we present the development of a case study on occupational exposure to Cr (VI), Ni and PAHs to advance the identification of mixture health effects and to progress towards a more refined risk assessment. Methods: A tiered framework is applied that includes a first step of collection of relevant hazard (e.g., genotoxicity) and exposure information gathered from literature or from HBM4EU databases on occupational cohorts. Then, this information will be used to construct hazard quotients derived from relevant occupational exposure limits for Cr (VI), Ni and PAHs, followed by the determination of the Hazard Index (HI). Results: The estimations based on available literature search will be presented and discussed, keeping the perspective of its contribution to generate directions for the exposure, hazard, and risk assessments. In addition, the biomonitoring levels of Cr (VI) and Ni and the data on external levels of PAHs produced in the chromate occupational exposure study, will allow a refinement of the exposure assessment, comparatively to the literature-based results obtained. Conclusions: It is anticipated that the assessment of the risk from occupational co-exposure to Cr(VI), Ni and PAHs - based on data obtained from a EU-wide harmonised study - will add on building a framework for mixtures risk assessment, that can be further applied for substances to which co-exposure occurs or/and are expected to produce similar health outcomes.
- Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium, Nickel and PAHs: A Mixtures Risk Assessment Approach Based on Literature Exposure Data from European CountriesPublication . Tavares, Ana Maria; Viegas, Susana; Louro, Henriqueta; Göen, Thomas; Santonen, Tiina; Luijten, Mirjam; Kortenkamp, Andreas; Silva, Maria JoãoHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), nickel (Ni) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic co-occurring lung carcinogens whose occupational health risk is still understudied. This study, conducted within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), aimed at performing a mixtures risk assessment (MRA) based on published human biomonitoring (HBM) data from Cr(VI), Ni and/or PAHs occupational co-exposure in Europe. After data extraction, Risk Quotient (RQ) and Sum of Risk Quotients (SRQ) were calculated for binary and ternary mixtures to characterise the risk. Most selected articles measured urinary levels of Cr and Ni and a SRQ > 1 was obtained for co-exposure levels in welding activities, showing that there is concern regarding co-exposure to these substances. Similarly, co-exposure to mixtures of Cr(VI), Ni and PAHs in waste incineration settings resulted in SRQ > 1. In some studies, a low risk was estimated based on the single substances’ exposure level (RQ < 1), but the mixture was considered of concern (SRQ > 1), highlighting the relevance of considering exposure to the mixture rather than to its single components. Overall, this study points out the need of using a MRA based on HBM data as a more realistic approach to assess and manage the risk at the workplace, in order to protect workers’ health.